This DATSETNAMEreadme.txt file was generated on 20200511 by Marine Cazenave


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GENERAL INFORMATION
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1. Title of Dataset: The trabecular organization of the proximal femoral end in Paranthropus robustus: Implications for the assessment of the australopith hip joint loading conditions 
Data associated with publication: 'Cazenave M., Braga J., Oettlé A., Pickering T.R., Heaton J.L., Nakatsukasa M., Thackeray J.F. Hoffman J., Macchiarelli R. (2020). The trabecular organization of the proximal femoral end in Paranthropus robustus: Implications for the assessment of the australopith hip joint loading conditions. Journal of Human Evolution (under review)'

2. Author Information


  Principal Investigator Contact Information
        Name: Marine Cazenave
           Institution:Skeletal Biology Research Centre, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
	   Email:marine.cazenave4@gmail.com


  Associate or Co-investigator Contact Information
        Name:José Braga 
           Institution: Computer-assisted Palaeoanthropology Team, UMR 5288 CNRS-Université Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
			Evolutionary Studies Institute and School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
           Email:jose.braga@univ-tlse3.fr 


  Associate or Co-investigator Contact Information
           Name: Anna Oettlé 
           Institution: Department of Anatomy and Histology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa, Pretoria, South Africa
           		Department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
           Email:anna.oettle@smu.ac.za 

  Associate or Co-investigator Contact Information
        Name:Travis Rayne Pickering
           Institution: Department of Biology, Birmingham-Southern College, Birmingham, USA
			Evolutionary Studies Institute and School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
			Plio-Pleistocene Palaeontology Section, Department of Vertebrates, Ditsong National Museum of Natural History (Transvaal Museum), Pretoria, South Africa
           Email:travis.pickering@wisc.edu 

  Associate or Co-investigator Contact Information
        Name:Jason L. Heaton
           Institution: Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
			Evolutionary Studies Institute and School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
			Plio-Pleistocene Palaeontology Section, Department of Vertebrates, Ditsong National Museum of Natural History (Transvaal Museum), Pretoria, South Africa
           Email:jheaton@bsc.edu 

  Associate or Co-investigator Contact Information
        Name: Masato Nakatsukasa
           Institution: Laboratory of Physical Anthropology, Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
           Email:nakatsuk@anthro.zool.kyoto-u.ac.jp 

  Associate or Co-investigator Contact Information
        Name: Francis Thackeray 
           Institution: Evolutionary Studies Institute and School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
           Email:mrsples@global.co.za 

  Associate or Co-investigator Contact Information
        Name: Jakobus Hoffman
           Institution: South African Nuclear Energy Corporation SOC Ltd., Pelindaba, South Africa
           Email:Jakobus.Hoffman@necsa.co.za 

  Associate or Co-investigator Contact Information
        Name:Roberto Macchiarelli 
           Institution: Département Homme & Environnement, UMR 7194 CNRS, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, 75116 Paris, France
			Unité de Formation Géosciences, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
           Email:roberto.macchiarelli@univ-poitiers.fr 

3. Date of data collection: 
1993-2001 


4. Geographic location of data collection: 
Digital radiographic record of 60 proximal femora sampling as much adult individuals (≥17 years) of both sexes from the Imperial Roman osteological collection of Isola Sacra, near Rome (Macchiarelli and Bondioli, 2000). 
The femora were X-rayed in 1995-1997 at the Central Radiology Service of the "C. Forlanini" Hospital, Rome.


5. Information about funding sources that supported the collection of the data:
In the context of the "Isola Sacra Project" granted in 1993-2001 within the "Cultural Heritage Project" by the CT 15 of the Italian National Research Council (to R.M.), and also supported by the Italian Ministry for Cultural Heritage.


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DATA & FILE OVERVIEW
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1. File List
   A. Filename:       
      Short description: In our study on the trabecular organization of the proximal femoral end in Paranthropus robustus, comments on the structural variation of the trabecular systems in extant humans (Aiello and Dean, 1990; Levangie and Norkin, 2005; Kapandji, 2011) also rely upon the digital radiographic record of 60 proximal femora sampling as much adult individuals (≥17 years) of both sexes from the Imperial Roman osteological collection of Isola Sacra, near Rome (Macchiarelli and Bondioli, 2000).       

2. Relationship between files:
Each file is a digital radiographic imaged of a proximal femur.

3. Additional related data collected that was not included in the current data package:
No

4. Are there multiple versions of the dataset?
No   




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METHODOLOGICAL INFORMATION
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1. Description of methods used for collection/generation of data: 
The femora were X-rayed in 1995-1997 at the Central Radiology Service of the "C. Forlanini" Hospital, Rome


2. Methods for processing the data:
Computer acquisition and digital processing were performed at the Anthropological Section of the National Prehistoric Ethnographic Museum "L. Pigorini", Rome. 
It is noteworthy that, while the radiographic images presented here have been selected from a larger set exactly because of their relative quality, some specimens nonetheless preserve traces of clayey-silty-sandy sedimentary filling and show some local minor damages. 
Evidence for relative density differences among the specimens should not be systematically considered as indicative of age-related differences. 
Independently from their original side, all specimens are imaged as right femora.

3. Instrument- or software-specific information needed to interpret the data:
The images can be visualised using a variety of standard photo viewers or image analysis packages.

4. Standards and calibration information, if appropriate:
-

5. Environmental/experimental conditions:
-

6. Describe any quality-assurance procedures performed on the data:
-

7. People involved with sample collection, processing, analysis and/or submission:
Among other contributions, information on the "Isola Sacra project", the archaeological context of the necropolis, the methods used for assessing individual sex and age at death and on some paleobiological aspects concerning the reference Imperial Roman population can be found in Geusa et al. (1999), Rossi et al. (1999), Weaver et al. (2000), Cho and Stout (2003), Prowse et al. (2004, 2005, 2007, 2008), Hoover et al. (2005), FitzGerald et al. (2006), Crowe et al. (2010), Lockau et al. (2019), Nava et al. (2019).

8. References 
Aiello, L., Dean, C., 1990. An Introduction to Human Evolutionary Anatomy. Academic Press, New York.
Cho, H, Stout, S.D., 2003. Bone remodeling and age-associated bone loss in the past: A histomorphometric analysis of the Imperial Roman skeletal population of Isola Sacra. In: Agarwal, S.C., Stout, S.D. (Eds), Bone Loss and Osteoporosis: An anthropological Perspective. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, pp. 207-228.
Crowe, F., Sperduti, A., O'Connell, T.C., Craig, O.E., Kirsanow, K., Germoni, P., Macchiarelli, R., Garnsey, P., Bondioli, L., 2010. Water-related occupations and diet in two Roman coastal communities (Italy, first to third century AD): Correlation between stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values and auricular exostosis prevalence. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 142, 355-366.
FitzGerald, C.M., Saunders, S.R., Bondioli, L., Macchiarelli, R., 2006. Health of infants in an Imperial Roman skeletal sample: Perspective from dental microstructure. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 130,179-189.
Geusa, G., Bondioli, L., Capucci, E., Cipriano, A., Grupe, G., Savorè, C., Macchiarelli, R., 1999. Osteodental Biology of the People of Portus Romae (Necropolis of Isola Sacra, 2nd-3rd Cent. AD). II. Dental Cementum Annulations and Age at Death Estimates. Digital Archives of Human Paleobiology, 2. Rome, Museo Nazionale Preistorico Etnografico "L. Pigorini" (CD-ROM, E-LISA). ISBN 88-87563-01-2.
Hoover, K.C., Corruccini, R.S., Bondioli, L., Macchiarelli, R., 2005. Exploring the relationship between hypoplasia and odontometric asymmetry in Isola Sacra, an imperial roman necropolis. American Journal of Human Biology 17, 752-764.
Kapandji, A.I., 2011. The Physiology of the Joints. Vol. 2. The Lower Limb, 6th ed. Elsevier, Edinburgh.
Levangie, P.K., Norkin, C.C., 2005. Joint Structure and Function: A Comprehensive Analysis. F.A. Davis, Philadelphia.
Lockau, L., Atkinson, S., Mays, S., Prowse, T., George, M., Sperduti, A., Bondioli, L., Wood, C., Ledger, M., Brickley, M.B., 2019. Vitamin D deficiency and the ancient city: Skeletal evidence across the life course from the Roman period site of Isola Sacra, Italy. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 55, 101069.
Macchiarelli, R., Bondioli, L., 2000. Multimedia dissemination of the "Isola Sacra" human paleobiological project: Reconstructing lives, habits, and deaths of the "ancient Roman people" by means of advanced investigative methods. In: Guarino, A. (Ed.), Proceedings of 2nd International Congress on Science and Technology for the Safeguard of Cultural Heritage in the Mediterranean Basin, vol. 2. Elsevier, Paris, pp. 1075-1080.
Nava, A., Frayer, D.W. , Bondioli, L., 2019. Longitudinal analysis of the microscopic dental enamel defects of children in the Imperial Roman community of Portus Romae (necropolis of Isola Sacra, 2nd to 4th century CE, Italy). Journal of Archaeological Science 23, 406-415.
Prowse, T.L., Saunders, S.R., Schwarcz, H.P., Garnsey, P., Bondioli, L., Macchiarelli, R., 2008. Isotopic and dental evidence for weaning and young child feeding practices in an Imperial Roman skeletal sample. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 137, 294-308.
Prowse, T., Schwarcz, H., Garnsey, P., Bondioli, L., Macchiarelli, R., Knyf, M., 2007. Isotopic evidence for age-related immigration to Imperial Rome. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 132, 510-519.
Prowse, T., Schwarcz, H., Saunders, S., Bondioli, L., Macchiarelli, R., 2004. Isotopic paleodiet studies of skeletons from the Imperial Roman cemetery of Isola Sacra, Rome, Italy. Journal of Archaeological Science 31, 259-272.
Prowse, T., Schwarcz, H., Saunders, S., Bondioli, L., Macchiarelli, R., 2005. Isotopic evidence for age-related variation in diet from Isola Sacra, Italy. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 128, 2-13.
Rossi, P.F., Bondioli, L., Geusa, G., Macchiarelli, R., 1999. Osteodental Biology of the People of Portus Romae (Necropolis of Isola Sacra, 2nd-3rd Cent. AD). I. Enamel Microstructure and Developmental Defects of the Primary Dentition. Digital Archives of Human Paleobiology, 1. Rome, Museo Nazionale Preistorico Etnografico "L. Pigorini" (CD-ROM, E-LISA). ISBN 88-87563-00-4.
Weaver, D.S., Perry, G.H., Macchiarelli, R., Bondioli, L., 2000. A surgical amputation in 2nd century Rome. The Lancet 356, 686.