,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Ethnicity and tigers,,,,,,,Human-tiger conflict scenarios,,,,,,,,,,,Different Tiger Types,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Recorder number,Interviewer(s),Interview ID,Interview Date,Questionnaire ID,Snowball or questionnaire,Village ID,Interviewee ID,Interviewee Gender,Interviewee Year of Birth,Interviewee Age in 2016,Interviewee Educational Level,Interviewee Occupation_1,Interviewee Occupation_2,Interviewee Village of Origin,Interviewee Religion,Interviewee Ethnicity,Customary laws regarding tigers,Islamic beliefs regarding tigers,"Understand the term Khalifa","Do you believe that there are tiger shamans?","Does you village have a tiger shaman?","Are there tiger shamans elsewhere in Sumatra?","1. If a tiger enters your village but does nothing","2. If livestock belonging to someone else in your village are killed by a tiger","3. If your livestock is killed by a tiger","4. If a man is killed by a tiger for no reason","5. If your brother was killed by a tiger for no reason","6. If a man was killed by a tiger while hunting (not a tiger) in the forest","7. If your brother was killed by a tiger while hunting (not a tiger) in the forest","8. If a woman cheated on her husband and is consequently killed by a tiger","9. If your sister cheated on her husband and was consequently killed by a tiger","10. If a man cheated on his wife and is consequently killed by a tiger","11. If your brother cheated on his wife and was consequently killed by a tiger",Type of tiger,,,,,,,,,,Stories,,,, 8120018,EK,1,10/17/2014,1,Questionnarie,52,2,Male,1964,52,Elementary school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Mixed,No,No,Yes,Yes,No,No,Do nothing,Do nothing,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Do nothing,NA,NA,NA,Other Species,Other Species,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"Tigers will never show themselves to us. They will always try to hide from us. This is because, the tiger will fail to get their prey for 40 days after meeting with a human. Tigers will also will show us the way home if we are lost in the forest",,,, 8120020,EK,2,10/17/2014,4,Questionnarie,52,3,Male,1962,54,Elementary school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Kerincinese,Yes,No,Yes,Yes,No,No,Do nothing,Other,NA,Relocate to another forest,NA,Report authority,NA,Report authority,NA,NA,NA,Other Species,Were Tiger,Zoological Tiger,Spirit Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"The one who protects the forest is called the last child (Tingkeh tiger), his special characteristic is that he has only 4 toes (front feet) because the fifth was broken, the other feet have 5 toes. The other 6 tigers have 5 toes on each foot. They look similar to the zoological tiger yellow with black stripes etc. and are as big as a zoological tiger",,,, 8120021-0022,BM,3,10/18/2014,9,Questionnarie,52,4,Female,1993,23,Junior school,Housewife,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Mixed,No,No,No,No,No,Yes,Do nothing,Kill tiger,NA,Kill tiger,NA,Kill tiger,NA,Do nothing,NA,NA,NA,Zoological Tiger,Were Tiger,Other Species,Other Species,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"The tiger is our ancestor. Someone who can call the tiger is special with special knowledge. For example, if we ask for help from the tiger to keep the field safe, then the tiger will understand.","It's mother came from Java , from 'xxxxx'. she gave birth to a harimau tingkis in hills near this village. The sister of harimau tingkis's mother was a shaman who was buried in this village, behind the elementary school building overthere. If someone from outside this village did bad things here (has bad intentions towards this village), then harimau tingkis will protect us from them. Harimau tingkis will warn us, he will roar in and around our home so we will know that the man who has come to our house has bad intentions towards us.","I only believe, but i don't have any experience with a shaman. Adat people usually call it harimau.",, 8120017,IA,4,10/18/2014,11,Questionnarie,52,5,Male,1962,54,Elementary school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Javanese,Yes,No,Yes,Yes,No,Yes,Do nothing,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Zoological Tiger,Were Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"Harimau Tingkis is protecting 'village xxxxx', if a zoological tiger comes here, Harimau Tingkis will chase the tiger away. He will also chase people from outside away if they are bad or have bad intentions towards the people here. Only Harimau Tingkis protects this area. But if Harimau Tingkis loses a fight with another tiger, his brothers will come and help him. When we face trouble trouble such as getting lost in the forest or being attacked by criminals etc. Harimau Tingkis will help us. The rituals are burning myrrh, cooking rice and eggs, and making offerings from these when we call Harimau Tingkis. Then the spirit of the Harimau Tingkeh will come and he will handle our trouble. The sign that he comes and helps us are that his footprints appear around us. I am also able to call the spirit tiger when someone is in trouble like women facing difficulties with child birth or having difficulty in getting a husband or difficulty in studying at school etc. I am also able to cure a sick person with the help of Harimau Tingkis. The ritual is as usual, burn pieces of myrrh and cook rice and eggs. Then the spirit of the Harimau Tingkis will come as fast as the light.My brother was disturbed by a bad person when he was in another area, then he burned a piece of myrrh and called the tiger. The tiger came and helped my brother. The tiger did not bite the bad person only scared him.",,,, 8120024,IY,5,10/19/2014,13,Questionnarie,52,6,Male,1958,58,Senior high school,Farmer,-NA-,Other,Muslim,Kerincinese,Yes,No,Yes,No,No,Yes,Other,NA,NA,Other,Do nothing,Do nothing,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Zoological Tiger,Were Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,,,,, 812_0026,YA & IA,6,10/30/2014,45,Questionnarie,19,15,Male,1954,62,Elementary school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Kerincinese,No,No,Yes,No,No,No,NA,NA,NA,Do nothing,NA,NA,NA,Do nothing,NA,NA,NA,Zoological Tiger,Other Species,Were Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"There was a woman who gave birth to her 7th child. Her last child was a tiger (Harimau Tingkih), the other six were human. The 6th child like to gamble (sabung ayam). Because the last child was a tiger, that child really likes to disturb his brother's rooster. His brother got really upset so he attacked his little brother with a sword. It caused his little brother to lose one of his fingers. To avoid the fight escalating, one hill was separated into 7 hills. Every child had their own hill. ",,,, 8120029,EK,7,10/20/2014,22,Questionnarie,52,9,Male,1971,45,Elementary school,Farmer,-NA-,Other,Muslim,Kerincinese,No,No,No,Yes,No,Yes,Report authority,Report authority,NA,Report authority,NA,Report authority,NA,Do nothing,NA,NA,NA,Zoological Tiger,Spirit Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"Guardian tiger - the one who guards this village, it doesn't disturb people, but if someone makes a mistake (e.g. having sex before marriage), then it will come. ",,,, 812_0020,YA & IA,8,10/20/2014,27,Questionnarie,52,10,Male,1973,43,Junior school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Mixed,Yes,No,No,No,No,No,Do nothing,Report authority,NA,Report authority,Do nothing,Do nothing,NA,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Zoological Tiger,Other Species,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"If Kerincenese people face difficulties or trouble when they wander about (merantau), usually they ask the tiger to help them. After they call the tiger, the tiger will leave its footprints arounh the home.",,,, 8120023,IA,9,10/19/2014,NA,Snowball,52,7,Female,1938,78,Elementary school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Kerincinese,Yes,No,No,Yes,No,No,Do nothing,NA,NA,Do nothing,NA,Do nothing,NA,Do nothing,NA,NA,NA,Spirit Tiger,Were Tiger,Zoological Tiger,Other Species,Other Species,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,,,,, HP_EK1,EK,10,10/19/2014,NA,Snowball,52,8,Male,1966,50,Senior high school,Civil servant,Head of Village,Same,Muslim,Kerincinese,No,No,Yes,Yes,No,No,Do nothing,Report authority,NA,Report authority,NA,Report authority,NA,Report authority,NA,NA,NA,Other Species,Zoological Tiger,Zoological Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,People said that this tiger has 4 toes.,,,, 812_0019,YA,11,10/20/2014,NA,Snowball,52,11,Male,1957,59,Elementary school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Kerincinese,Yes,No,Yes,Yes,No,No,Do nothing,Do nothing,NA,Do nothing,NA,Do nothing,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Zoological Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"If we get lost in the forest, the spiritual tiger who guards the forest will show us the way home. He will leave his footprints to follow until we find the way home.","I once heard about a tiger shaman. There was a person killed by a tiger. A goverment officer and the local people found it difficult to catch the tiger. So, they asked the tiger shaman to help catch it. The tiger then became tame and the goverment offcier was able to save it.","Harimau kumbang. It has black fur colour. It has 4 toes. There is only 1 tiger. If this spiritual tiger dies, there will be another tiger to substitute him. His duty is to inform the villagers if another wild tiger enters the village. In the past there were seven brothers. Those seven brother can turn into tigers. The youngest brother was quarelling with the oldest over food. In fighting, the oldest brother thrust a sword into his youngest brother and cut one of his fingers off. Only the youngest brother (the youngest spiritual tiger) protects this area. The other spiritual tigers protect another area. But i don't really know the story about that.",, 812_0021,YA & EK,12,10/20/2014,NA,Snowball,52,12,Male,1967,49,Senior high school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Kerincinese,No,No,No,Yes,Yes,No,Other,Do nothing,NA,Do nothing,NA,Report authority,NA,Do nothing,NA,NA,NA,Were Tiger,Zoological Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"The characteristics of these three tigers are that they never disturb villagers, only those that make mistakes in the village (like getting pregnant without being married). They will show their anger to the villagers by showing themselves to the villagers.","A long time ago, people made village border by riding a harimau kumbang. The person that rides the harimau kumbang is the commander (now he is called Ulu Balang)",,, HP_Y.A1,YA & EK,13,10/31/2014,47,Questionnarie,9,19,Male,1963,53,Junior school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Kerincinese,No,No,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,NA,Other,NA,Do nothing,NA,Report authority,NA,Report authority,NA,NA,NA,Zoological Tiger,Other Species,Were Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"There were three tigers that protect this village. They live in the hills around here. From the three tigers, the one with four toes was commonly seen (by its pugmarks). This tiger also can protect villagers from danger or from something bad happening when they are in other places. When they get lost, this tiger can lead them home. When something bad happens, this tiger's soul can enter someone else's body to help them. When the tiger's soul is in someone else's body, they have more strength to fight back.",,,, 812_0023,YA & EK,14,10/28/2014,NA,Snowball,19,13,Male,1968,48,Senior high school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Kerincinese,No,No,No,Yes,Yes,No,NA,NA,NA,Report authority,NA,Report authority,NA,Report authority,NA,NA,NA,Were Tiger,Other Species,Other Species,Other Species,Other Species,Spirit Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,"There are stories about seven brothers. All of them are tigers. The little one lost his toe because he was fighting with his brother. They were fighting with swords. All seven brothers were born from a woman. She got pregnant without a husband. As a result, villagers exiled her to the forest where she gave birth to seven tigers.",,,, 8120024,IA,15,10/29/2014,34,Questionnarie,19,14,Female,1972,44,Junior school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Kerincinese,Yes,No,Yes,Yes,Yes,No,Do nothing,Do nothing,NA,Other,NA,Do nothing,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Were Tiger,Were Tiger,Other Species,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,,,,, 8120034,EK & BM,16,10/30/2014,41,Questionnarie,19,16,Male,1967,49,University,Farmer,Entrepreneur,Other,Muslim,Kerincinese,Yes,No,No,Yes,Yes,No,MISS,NA,NA,Do nothing,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Zoological Tiger,Spirit Tiger,Zoological Tiger,Other Species,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,A weretiger is someone who will transform into a tiger after he/she passes away.,,,, 8120025,IA,17,10/30/2014,44,Questionnarie,19,17,Female,1959,57,No school,Trader,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Kerincinese,Yes,No,Yes,Yes,Yes,No,Do nothing,Report authority,NA,Report authority,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Zoological Tiger,Other Species,Other Species,Zoological Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,,,,, HP_Y.A3,YA & IA,18,11/01/2014,60,Questionnarie,9,23,Male,1962,54,University,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Kerincinese,No,No,Yes,Yes,Yes,No,Do nothing,Report authority,NA,Report authority,NA,Report authority,NA,Do nothing,NA,NA,NA,Spirit Tiger,Other Species,Other Species,Zoological Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,,,,, 8120032,EK & BM,19,10/30/2014,46,Questionnarie,19,18,Male,1992,24,University,Elementary school teacher,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Kerincinese,Yes,Yes,Yes,No,Yes,No,Do nothing,Relocate to another forest,NA,Relocate to another forest,NA,Relocate to another forest,NA,Relocate to another forest,NA,NA,NA,Other Species,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,The same with zoological tiger but it has four toes on one of its feet (but I'm not sure which one).,,,, HP_Y.A2,YA & EK,20,10/31/2014,49,Questionnarie,9,20,Male,1958,58,Elementary school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Kerincinese,No,No,Yes,No,No,No,Do nothing,Do nothing,NA,NA,NA,Do nothing,NA,Do nothing,NA,NA,NA,Other Species,Spirit Tiger,Other Species,Other Species,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,,,,, HP_EK2,EK,21,10/31/2014,NA,Snowball,9,21,Male,1958,58,Senior high school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Kerincinese,No,No,No,Yes,No,No,Do nothing,Permanently remove from the wild,NA,Do nothing,NA,Do nothing,NA,Do nothing,NA,NA,NA,Other Species,Other Species,Other Species,Spirit Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,These tigers that I have mentioned to you just now stay in the forest. They take care of our village. They will never disturb our village. The tigers also will help us by showing us the way home if we get lost in the forest.,,,, 8120027,IA,22,10/31/2014,54,Questionnarie,9,22,Male,1983,33,Senior high school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Kerincinese,No,No,No,Yes,No,No,Do nothing,Kill tiger,NA,Kill tiger,NA,Do nothing,NA,Do nothing,NA,NA,NA,Zoological Tiger,Other Species,Zoological Tiger,Zoological Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,,,,, EK_16/11/2014_1,EK,23,11/16/2014,64,Questionnarie,24,24,Female,1986,30,Senior high school,Housewife,-NA-,Other,Muslim,Minangkabau,No,No,No,No,No,No,Do nothing,Relocate to another forest,NA,Relocate to another forest,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Zoological Tiger,Other Species,Other Species,Other Species,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,This tiger is so kind and always helps us if we need any help. For example if we get lost in the forest the tiger will help us by showing us the way home. This tiger will never reveal itself to us because if it does then it will be unlucky for the tiger. If they [the tiger/s] meet a human they will fail to catch prey for the next 40 days. That is why this tiger will never show itself to us.,,,, IA_17/11/2014_1,IA,24,11/17/2014,72,Questionnarie,24,27,Male,1981,35,Elementary school,Farmer,-NA-,Other,Muslim,Palembang,Yes,No,Yes,Yes,No,Yes,Do nothing,Do nothing,NA,Permanently remove from the wild,NA,Do nothing,Permanently remove from the wild,Permanently remove from the wild,NA,NA,NA,Other Species,Other Species,Zoological Tiger,Were Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"The story originated from 'village xxxxx' where I am from. Once upon a time, a man entered the forest but did not return home. After a long time in the forest, he came back to his home to say goodbye to his parents and to tell them that he would never come back home again and would stay in the forest forever because he had become a weretiger. People said weretigers protect the 'xxxx' people. The weretiger will come to the village if someone does something wrong, such as having sex without being married, stealing and doing other bad things. If these people have been warned by the tigers but continue their wrong doings, then the weretiger will eat them.","I don't have any experience or know any stories about tiger shamans, I just believe it. ",,, 812_0040,IA,25,11/16/2014,NA,Snowball,24,25,Male,1965,51,Senior high school,Farmer,Swakarsa TNKS,Other,Muslim,Sudanese,Yes,No,No,Yes,No,No,Do nothing,Do nothing,NA,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Other Species,Other Species,Zoological Tiger,Were Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,The spiritual tiger keeps to the hills. If another tiger (either another spiritual tiger or a zoological tiger) comes to the hill then they will fight. The tiger that wins the fight will keep the hill. They will show us the way home if we get lost in the forest.,,,, 812.0042,BM,26,11/17/2014,76,Questionnarie,24,28,Male,1969,47,Elementary school,Farmer,-NA-,Other,Muslim,Minangkabau,No,No,No,Yes,No,No,Do nothing,Do nothing,NA,Report authority,NA,Do nothing,NA,Do nothing,NA,NA,NA,Other Species,Zoological Tiger,Spirit Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"Black and yellow with stripes, similar to a zoological tiger but the colour is sharper.",,,, HP_YA4,YA,27,11/20/2014,NA,Snowball,24,32,Male,1963,53,Junior school,Farmer,-NA-,Medan,Muslim,Mixed,Yes,No,No,Yes,Yes,No,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,NA,Do nothing,NA,Do nothing,NA,NA,NA,Zoological Tiger,Spirit Tiger,,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"There are brothers from 'village xxxxx' (from 'township xxxxx' ,'province xxxxx') that can turn into tigers. They come to protect this village. 'Village xxxx' is located in 'xxxxx'. ""Village xxxxx' is located in xxxxx.' 'Village xxxxx' is located near this village.",,,, HP_EK3,EK,28,11/19/2014,86,Questionnarie,7,29,Male,1966,50,Junior school,Farmer,-NA-,Other,Muslim,Kerincinese,No,No,No,Yes,Yes,No,Do nothing,NA,NA,Do nothing,NA,Do nothing,NA,Do nothing,NA,NA,NA,Other Species,Other Species,Zoological Tiger,Were Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,A person who can transform into a tiger has a special ability. Usually this kind of person can only transform into a tiger (weretiger) if there is an emergency.,,,, 812_0031,IA,29,11/20/2014,89,Questionnarie,7,33,Male,1967,49,Senior high school,Farmer,Civil servant,Same,Muslim,Kerincinese,No,No,No,Yes,No,No,Report authority,Report authority,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Report authority,NA,NA,NA,Were Tiger,Other Species,Other Species,Zoological Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"Harimau (tiger) Penunggu Tanjung will be angry if we break the rules, such as being comepletely naked when showering in the forest or having sex without being married. Not only the Harimau Penunggu Tanjung will be angry but also the zoological tiger. In the middle of the night the Harimau Penunggu Tanjung will roar and will enter the village. These are some of the special characteristics of the Harimau Penunggu Tanjung. ","There are rules in Islam that we are not allowed to disturb the animals as long as they don't disturb us. We are allowed to kill wild boar because they disturb our economic status. But for tigers, they do not disturb us, so we are not allowed to disturb them. If tigers want to attack humans and attack the community here, there will be no more people left because of the large the number of tigers around here. But tigers don't want to disturb humans, they don't eat humans.",,, IA_20/11/2014_2,IA,30,11/20/2014,90,Questionnarie,7,34,Male,1965,51,No school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Melayu,Yes,No,No,Yes,No,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Zoological Tiger,Other Species,Other Species,,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,The tiger protects this village. If a tiger from outside comes to the village (including the forest near the village) the Pematang tiger will roar to give us (the villagers) a sign. If someone does something wrong ( like having sex without being married etc.) then the Pematang tiger will show itself to the man/women who was involved in order that he/she will repent and promise not to repeat the same mistake.,,,, 812.0043,BM,31,11/19/2014,92,Questionnarie,7,30,Female,1998,18,Junior school,Unemployed,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Melayu,No,No,No,No,No,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Zoological Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"My parents told me a story about my grandfather who had a guardian weretiger. It always followed him wherever he went. When my grandfather was lost in the forest, it helped him by showing him, in a dream, the correct way out. It also helped my grandfather to protect his field from wildboars. It was like a member of our family as it was our ancestor who has transformed into a weretiger to protect his grandchildren.",,,, HP_YA5,YA,32,11/19/2014,94,Questionnarie,7,31,Male,1946,70,Junior school,Farmer,-NA-,Other,Muslim,Mixed,No,Yes,No,Yes,No,No,Do nothing,Kill tiger,NA,Do nothing,NA,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Zoological Tiger,Other Species,Other Species,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,The Penunggu Tanjung tiger is from an elder's soul from this village that entered a tiger which lives in the forest near here. The Penunggu Tanjung tiger protects this village and will give us a sign if there is someone who makes a mistake in the village. ,,,, EK_23/11/2014_2,EK,33,11/23/2014,101,Questionnarie,44,154,Male,1965,51,University,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Minangkabau,No,No,Yes,Yes,No,No,Do nothing,Kill tiger,NA,Kill tiger,NA,Do nothing,NA,Do nothing,NA,NA,NA,Zoological Tiger,Other Species,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,We also believe that tigers will never show themselves to us. They will always try to hide from us. This is because the tiger will fail to get its prey for the next 40 days after meeting a human. Tigers will also show us the way home if we are lost in the forest. ,,,, HP_IA,IA,34,11/24/2014,118,Questionnarie,24,35,Male,1961,55,Elementary school,Farmer,-NA-,Other,Muslim,Minangkabau,Yes,No,No,No,No,No,Report authority,Kill tiger,NA,Kill tiger,NA,Kill tiger,NA,Do nothing,NA,NA,NA,Were Tiger,Spirit Tiger,Zoological Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,The tiger will come to the village if there is someone in the village doing something wrong. The Pematang tiger will not allow other tigers from outside the area to come to the village or to its home.,,,, No record,EK,35,12/09/2014,128,Questionnarie,33,38,Male,1958,58,Junior school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Melayu,No,No,Yes,Yes,No,No,Do nothing,Kill Tiger,NA,Kill Tiger,NA,Do nothing,NA,Do nothing,NA,NA,NA,Zoological Tiger,Spirit Tiger,Other Species,Other Species,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"A tiger has kuping bumi (earth ear) which means that the tiger can hear whatever we say, even if we are in the village and the tiger is in the forest. The tiger is also a polite animal, it will never want to meet us face to face. Tiger are too shy to meet us directly. If a tiger accidentally meets us it will usually go. This because if a tiger meet us the tiger will have bad luck for 40 days and will suffer because it cannot catch its prey. That is why when a tiger meets a human it will alway retreat.",,,, No record,EK,36,12/11/2014,133,Questionnarie,33,41,Female,1970,46,Elementary school,Housewife,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Javanese,No,No,Yes,Yes,No,No,Do nothing,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,NA,Kill tiger,NA,Do nothing,NA,NA,NA,Zoological Tiger,Spirit Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"I knew someone who had family member that turned into a tiger after he died. Every forty days, he gave the tiger special food (rice and boiled eggs) near his rice field. As a result the tiger would stay around the rice field and wild boar would not come. He gave the tiger food every 'Jumat Kliwon' (special Friday for Javanese people to celebrate their spiritual beliefs).",,,, 1_812_0034,IA,37,12/20/2014,NA,Snowball,17,43,Male,1960,56,Junior school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Melayu,Yes,No,No,Yes,No,No,Do nothing,Do nothing,NA,NA,NA,Do nothing,NA,Permanently remove from the wild,NA,NA,NA,Other Species,Other Species,Zoological Tiger,Other Species,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"The tigers will show people the way home if they get lost in the forest either by showing itself or giving signs. If we are scared of looking at a tiger, the tiger will not show itself to us. ","In the past I was able hold the tiger's head. I have a kind of doa from Surah Yasiin in the Holy Quran. My father gave this doa to me so that I can subdue tigers who intend to attack me. I have no special mantra, it is only from the Quran on Surah Yaasin, but I can't explain it as it is a secret.",,, 1_812_0032,IA,38,12/07/2014,135,Questionnarie,33,36,Male,1967,49,Junior school,Civil servant,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Melayu,Yes,No,No,Yes,No,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Other Species,Spirit Tiger,Other Species,Other Species,Other Species,Other Species,Other Species,Zoological Tiger,Other Species,Were Tiger,"This tiger guards this village and the surrounding hills and will give a sign if a disaster is coming. I don't know the sign, I only get the story from the elders and have no personal experience with it. Burning white myrrh that has already been given a mantra by Nenek 'xxxx' ( I don't know what the mantra is). After 10 minutes of burning the white myrrh , the weretiger will show itsself. So the rule to call the tiger is before maghrib (before sunrise) we have to burn the white myrrh then after maghrib the tiger will come.","In the past, when there were not so many people living in this village and it was not as crowded as nowadays, the tiger often came here to prey on livestock. Then the tiger shaman read an ayah in the Holy Koran so that the tiger could not close his mouth. The shaman then chased the tiger away using old clothes that had been sprayed with fuel and lit on fire which was then thrown into the bushes where the tiger was hiding, The tiger ran away.",,, 2_812_0032,BM & IA,39,12/09/2014,NA,Snowball,33,39,Male,1947,69,Junior school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Melayu,No,No,No,Yes,No,No,Do nothing,Kill Tiger,NA,Kill Tiger,NA,Do nothing,NA,Do nothing,NA,NA,NA,Zoological Tiger,Spirit Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"My son and I were chased by a weretiger. The weretiger has someone who can control it like a shaman. The weretiger wanted to meet me because I knew the man who transformed into a weretiger, but I was still afraid of it because the man was dead. The weretiger is able to help guard our farm. People can also ask for the weretiger's help by burning myrrh. Afterwards the weretiger will roar and you must ask ""Please can you keep my farm safe?"" I never asked the weretiger to help me because it is forbidden in my religion, Islam. When we make a friend with a weretiger we have to give it three to four eggs and one young coconut. We give this meal once every two days. We put the food in the bushes and the weretiger will take it in the night.","A man from this village used a tiger from a shaman to guard his farm. No wild boars ate his crops and people in other villages were amazed by this. The wild boar moved to other farms and other villages, because they were afraid of the tiger.",,, 812.0044-0045,BM,40,12/07/2014,NA,Snowball,33,37,Male,1973,43,Junior school,Farmer,Head of Village,Same,Muslim,Melayu,Yes,No,Yes,Yes,No,No,Do nothing,Do nothing,NA,Do nothing,NA,Do nothing,NA,Do nothing,NA,NA,NA,Zoological Tiger,Spirit Tiger,Other Species,Other Species,Other Species,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"Villagers believe that tigers also eat durian, not because their prey also eat them.",,,, No record,BM,41,12/09/2014,150,Questionnarie,33,40,Male,1970,46,Senior high school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Melayu,Yes,No,Yes,Yes,No,Yes,Do nothing,Do nothing,NA,Do nothing,NA,Do nothing,NA,Do nothing,NA,NA,NA,Were Tiger,Zoological Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"In 1980, if we had a rice field then we could borrow a tiger from 'village xxxxx' to help us. A villager called 'xxxx' had a weretiger (it is a weretiger because the tiger was one of her ancestor's who had passed away and then transformed into a tiger).",,,, No record,BM,42,12/20/2014,210,Questionnarie,17,44,Male,1952,64,Senior high school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Melayu,No,No,Yes,Yes,No,No,Do nothing,Relocate to another forest,NA,Kill Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Spirit Tiger,Were Tiger,Zoological Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"The Cindaku or weretiger existed around 50 years ago, but there are no more weretigers now. Cindaku transformed into a tiger when it went into the forest and became human again when it returned to its home in the village.",,,, 812_0046,YA,43,12/13/2014,217,Questionnarie,33,42,Male,1980,36,Junior school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Melayu,No,No,Yes,Yes,No,No,Do nothing,Kill Tiger,NA,Kill Tiger,NA,Do nothing,NA,Do nothing,NA,NA,NA,Spirit Tiger,Other Species,Other Species,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,There is such a thing as a weretiger (a tiger that used to be human). Weretigers only attack someone that have darah buruk (a blood disease that only tigers can see.),,,, "HP_YA6, HP_YA7",YA,44,11/16/2014,NA,Snowball,13,26,Male,1976,40,Senior high school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Melayu,No,Yes,No,No,No,No,Do nothing,Do nothing,NA,Do nothing,NA,Do nothing,NA,Do nothing,NA,NA,NA,Zoological Tiger,Other Species,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,There is a story about nenek tiger (grandmother tiger ). When villagers get lost in the forest she will help us find the way out (by following her pug marks). This tiger will come to the village if there is someone who has done something wrong (e.g. getting pregnant without being married or having broken a customary law).,,,, "HP_YA8, HP_YA9",YA,45,12/21/2014,NA,Snowball,17,45,Male,1976,40,Senior high school,Government employee,local government,Same,Muslim,Melayu,No,No,No,Yes,No,No,Do nothing,Do nothing,NA,Do nothing,NA,Do nothing,NA,Kill Tiger,NA,NA,NA,Were Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"The tiger will usually will be angry if there is someone who has done something wrong (for example cheating). The tiger will not show itself, but only leave a pugmark. Tigers also don't like pregnant women to come inside the forest. I dodn't know why this is.",,,, 1_812_0037,IA,46,01/09/2015,NA,Snowball,53,46,Male,1943,73,Senior high school,Retirement religion departement,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Melayu,Yes,No,Yes,Yes,No,No,Do nothing,Do nothing,NA,Report authority,NA,Do nothing,NA,Do nothing,NA,NA,NA,Were Tiger,Zoological Tiger,Other Species,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"When a cendaku (weretiger) comes to someone's house, it will transform into a human but when it leaves it will transform back into a tiger. I think cendaku comes from 'village xxxxx', because there are a lof of forests in 'village xxxxx', but I don't know.","Based on a story from the elders, a man passed away and transformed into a weretiger that was a Jibut tiger which came from the village near here named 'xxxxx'. The Jibut tiger would roar if something bad happened or was going to happen in this village or nearby area.",The Kumbang tiger had a friendship with the Jibut tiger. The Kumbang tiger went far away to 'village xxxxx'. It was not the same with the Jibut tiger that stayed around this area. The Kumbang tiger also guarded this area before it died.,, 00812.0048-0049,BM,47,01/10/2015,NA,Snowball,53,48,Male,1951,65,Junior school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Melayu,No,No,Yes,No,No,No,Do nothing,Do nothing,NA,Do nothing,NA,Report authority,NA,Do nothing,NA,NA,NA,Spirit Tiger,Other Species,Other Species,Zoological Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"It has a big belly that touches the ground, is yellow with black stripes, large and looks similar to a zoological tiger",,,, HP_YA 10,YA,48,01/09/2015,259,Questionnarie,53,47,Male,1967,49,Elementary school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Melayu,No,No,Yes,Yes,No,No,Do nothing,NA,NA,Kill Tiger,NA,Kill Tiger,NA,Do nothing,NA,NA,NA,Zoological Tiger,Other Species,Spirit Tiger,Other Species,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,I've been followed by a spiritual tiger. A spiritual tiger comes from a human spirit that didn't fast or say prayers during Ramadan. The spiritual tiger stopped following me about ten years ago. I wanted it to stop because I couldn't keep feeding it every month because the price of rubber latex dropped. Usually that tiger asked (in my dreams) for six chicken eggs to eat and sometimes it asked for a whole chicken. I usually put the gifts (eggs or chicken) inside the forest. The reason why this spiritual tiger wanted to follow me was because it thought I was a good man and I've never done anything bad. That tiger protected me when I was in the forest (showing me the way home if I got lost). If I found the tiger's pugmark it meant that I was going the wrong way and needed to turn back. I also asked for help to protect my livestock (buffalo) when I still had one. Only I could see the tiger and not many people knew that I have been followed by a spiritual tiger.,,,, 812.005,BM,49,02/05/2015,292,Questionnarie,49,49,Male,1948,68,Elementary school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Kerincinese,Yes,No,Yes,No,No,No,Do nothing,Permanently remove from the wild,Permanently remove from the wild,Do nothing,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Do nothing,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Spirit Tiger,Other Species,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,The guardian tiger will help us if we are lost in the forest by making scratches on the ground which we can follow. I experienced that myself about twenty years ago.,,,, 812.0051,BM,50,02/06/2015,293,Questionnarie,49,52,Male,1979,37,Senior high school,Entrepreneur,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Kerincinese,No,Yes,Yes,No,No,No,Do nothing,Report authority,Do nothing,Other,Other,Do nothing,NA,Other,Other,Other,Other,Other Species,Other Species,Other Species,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"There are two Kumbang tigers, a black one and a white one, they could change into different sizes (because they are spiritual tigers). I've seen the white one which is as big as a goat.",,,, 812_0040,IA,51,02/05/2015,310,Questionnarie,49,50,Male,1971,45,Junior school,Farmer,-NA-,Other,Muslim,Melayu,Yes,No,No,Yes,No,Yes,Do nothing,Kill Tiger,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Other Species,Spirit Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"This tiger will come to the village if someone here does a bad thing, like cheating on his wife or her husband. Sometimes he comes and preys on livestock or he comes to warn the villagers that someone has done a bad thing. If the people are already aware of the problem, then the tiger will go away. He will also show us the way home if we get lost in the forest. The Pematang tiger is a kind creature that will never disturb people. ","The shaman cured my wife a few years ago. She was not able to walk and now she can, although not really perfect. The shaman found the answer from the tiger through his dream.",,, 812_0041,IA,52,02/08/2015,317,Questionnarie,49,54,Male,1976,40,Junior school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Kerincinese,Yes,No,Yes,No,No,No,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Zoological Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"Harimau nenek (grandmother tiger) will come to the village if someone breaks the rules of Islam or customary law. When I was in secondary school, harimau nenek came to the village but i didn't see it directly, the elders told me. The tiger preyed on a goat. My friend has been helped by harimau nenek.",,,, 150205_001,YA,53,02/05/2015,330,Questionnarie,49,51,Male,1972,44,Senior high school,Farmer,-NA-,Other,Muslim,Kerincinese,Yes,No,No,Yes,No,Yes,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Kill tiger,NA,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,NA,NA,NA,Zoological Tiger,Spirit Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"It only came when there was trouble in the village. For example if there was someone who took someone else's land. A spiritual tiger will come and solve the problem by making a clear border between the two lands. If one of the two does not follow the border, the spiritual tiger will come and kill that person. Spiritual tigersalso can be called by 'xxxx people' when they are in trouble or if something bad happens. They call it by burning myrrh and the spiritual tiger will come shaped like a real tiger.",,,, 150206_001,YA,54,02/06/2015,332,Questionnarie,49,53,Male,1968,48,Junior school,Farmer,-NA-,Other,Muslim,Kerincinese,No,No,Yes,No,No,No,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Do nothing,NA,Do nothing,Report authority,Do nothing,NA,NA,NA,Zoological Tiger,Were Tiger,Spirit Tiger,,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"A spiritual tiger that protects this village that never disturb the people. It only comes to the village if there is something wrong (like with customary law or if there is someone having sex before marriage). It leaves pugmarks around the village. If villagers don't realize there is something wrong or don't take a problem seriously, it will roar so that the villagers will do something about it (i.e. settle the problem). Spiritual tigers look like normal tigers, but have five toes. Tigers from outside this village usually have four toes. These tigers usually disturb villager's livestock. When the spiritual tigers from here roar, the sound can make a house tremble. Spiritual tigers can help you if you get lost in the forest. You just need to ask for help by burning myrrh and then the spiritual tiger will come and help you. It won't show itself, it only leaves pugmarks or makes a sound. We just need to follow the pugmarks or sound. Spiritual tigers are afraid to see humans because they made a promise that if they meet a human, it won't be able to get food for 40 days. Spiritual tigers from here are big. Tigers from outside are small. When people see big pugmarks with five toes, they are not scared because they believe that the tiger won't disturb them. But when they see pugmark with 4 toes, they feel scared because they know that tiger will usually disturb their livestock. ",,,, 812_0043,IA,55,02/11/2015,NA,Snowball,22,56,Male,1967,49,Senior high school,Farmer,-NA-,Other,Muslim,Kerincinese,No,No,Yes,Yes,No,No,Do nothing,NA,NA,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Spirit Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"If we got lost in the forest we can ask for help from the Pematang tiger to show us the way home. He will help and guard the 'xxxx people'. In the 4th month of the Islamic Calender, I forget which month, Syafar maybe, the Pematang tiger will show us his presence by leaving his footprints around the village because he wants to remind the people around here that he is still alive. Both the pematang and kumbang tiger often helped my father. In 1975 on October 17th at one o'clock when the earthquake hit my father came to my brother's house in another village. it was far away from here. He said he was riding a tiger. It was the pematang tiger. But you can believe it or not. It is only my father's story. My father was also able to cure sick people. He burned myrh to call the tiger. Now he has passed away.",,,, 150208_001,YA,56,02/09/2015,335,Questionnarie,22,55,Male,1957,59,Junior school,Farmer,-NA-,Other,Muslim,Kerincinese,No,No,No,No,No,No,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Zoological Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,,,,, 812.0052,BM,57,2/25/2015,302,Questionnarie,14,59,Female,1948,68,No school,Housewife,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Kerincinese,No,No,No,Yes,No,No,Do nothing,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Spirit Tiger,Other Species,Other Species,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"There was a story about seven tiger brothers who guarded 'village xxxx' and will help if we were lost or in trouble, by burning some myrrh. The seven brothers were powerful.",,,, 812_0042,IA,58,2/25/2015,320,Questionnarie,14,60,Male,1964,52,Elementary school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Kerincinese,Yes,Yes,Yes,No,No,No,Do nothing,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Do nothing,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Spirit Tiger,Other Species,Other Species,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"The spiritual tigers protect the people here. If tigers come from outside, for example if the goverment releases tigers here, then the spiritual tigers will fight them. They don't want the tigers from outside disturbing the people here.","Always stayed in the village because it wanted to stay close to its family. It could reincarnate seven times but on the seventh time it turned into a fish and died. It happened a long, long time ago, around 1970. I only know about this from an elder.","Based on Islam, we are forbidden to disturb other creatures that don?t disturb us. Tigers don?t disturb humans so we cannot disturb tigers.",, 150207_001,YA,59,2/24/2015,339,Questionnarie,14,57,Male,1968,48,University,Farmer,-NA-,Other,Muslim,Kerincinese,No,No,No,Yes,No,No,Do nothing,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Spirit Tiger,Other Species,Zoological Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,,,,, EK_24022015_1,EK,60,2/24/2015,343,Questionnarie,14,58,Male,1977,39,Elementary school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Kerincinese,No,No,Yes,No,No,No,Do nothing,Permanently remove from the wild,Permanently remove from the wild,Permanently remove from the wild,Permanently remove from the wild,Do nothing,Permanently remove from the wild,Do nothing,Permanently remove from the wild,Do nothing,Permanently remove from the wild,Other Species,Other Species,Other Species,Spirit Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA Rrr,NA,NA,"Once upon time a tiger caught a bird and ate it. Accidentally, the bird's beak was stuck in the tiger's throat and the tiger could not breathe. The tiger started to panic. It tried to remove the beak from its throat but failed. After sometime trying the tiger lost it's energy and just lay down on the forest floor. Our ancestor at that moment walked into the forest and found the very weak tiger. Our ancestor came close to the tiger but it could not do anything, so our ancestor felt sorry for the tiger and he can communicate with the tiger [respondent did not know whether Nenek was men or women]. From the communication using Nenek's feeling with the tiger, Nenek came to know that there was a bird's beak in the tiger's throat. Then Nenek helped the tiger to take out that bird's beak. Finally, after sometime the beak came out from the tiger's throat. But the tiger was still so weak. Nenek was there and waiting for the tiger until it recovered. Because of this kindness, the tiger felt thankful to our ancestors. Then the tiger made a promise that it will help the grandchild of Nenek if they were lost in the forest by guiding them to find the way home.",,,, 150307_002,EK,61,03/07/2015,351,Questionnarie,23,61,Male,1958,58,Elementary school,Farmer,-NA-,Other,Muslim,Melayu,No,No,Yes,Yes,Yes,No,Do nothing,Kill Tiger,Kill Tiger,Kill Tiger,Kill Tiger,Relocate to another forest,Kill Tiger,Do nothing,NA,Kill Tiger,NA,Other Species,Zoological Tiger,Other Species,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,I have an experience of getting lost in the forest. I stayed over night and made shelter with whatever I could find around me. In the morning I found that there were tiger (spiritual tiger) scratches near my shelter. I followed these marks until I found the way home.,,,, 150307_003,EK,62,03/07/2015,352,Questionnarie,23,62,Male,1977,39,Elementary school,Farmer,-NA-,Other,Muslim,Sudanese,No,No,Yes,No,No,No,Do nothing,Permanently remove from the wild,Permanently remove from the wild,Report authority,Permanently remove from the wild,Report authority,NA,Do nothing,NA,NA,NA,Other Species,Zoological Tiger,Spirit Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"My parents told me a story that when I was about to be born, my father tried to call a midwife to help my mother give birth. On the way, my father met with a tiger and the tiger just looked at my father and left. Now I have three nipples and my parents believe that this is because my father met with that tiger.",,,, 150307_004,EK,63,03/08/2015,353,Questionnarie,23,65,Male,1959,57,Senior high school,Farmer,-NA-,Other,Muslim,Mixed,Yes,No,Yes,No,No,No,Do nothing,Report authority,Do nothing,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Other Species,Zoological Tiger,Spirit Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Story about 'person xxxx' and his weretiger brother.,,,, 812_0044,IA,64,03/08/2015,NA,Snowball,23,66,Male,1952,64,Junior school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Melayu,Yes,No,No,Yes,No,No,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Zoological Tiger,Spirit Tiger,Were Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"Sumatran tigers will show us the way home when we get lost in the forest. In the past, when I was young I was helped by a tiger. It showed me the way home when I got lost in the forest. At that time I was with my friend. Suddenly we saw tiger footprints on the ground. We followed the footprints and finally we found the way home.","My father asked for help from a tiger (zoological tiger) to look after his farm. Sometimes people come to him to ask his help. People often discuss with my father about their problem, why s/he often meets the tiger. He only acted as a mediator between people and tigers. Without communication, but the tiger only gave a sign.",,, 150307_001,YA,65,03/07/2015,364,Questionnarie,23,63,Male,1956,60,Senior high school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Melayu,No,No,Yes,No,No,No,Do nothing,Kill Tiger,Kill Tiger,Kill Tiger,Kill Tiger,Kill Tiger,Kill Tiger,Kill Tiger,Kill Tiger,Kill Tiger,Kill Tiger,Spirit Tiger,Zoological Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,,,,, 8120053,EK,66,3/15/2015,NA,Snowball,8,69,Male,1926,90,No school,Unemployed,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Melayu,No,No,Yes,Yes,No,No,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Other Species,Spirit Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"When I was young, there were so many tigers around this village. Tigers (zoological and spiritual) frequently came to the village. The tiger just appeared roaring in the village but never disturbed the people.",,,, IA_15MARCH2015_2,IA,67,3/15/2015,NA,Snowball,11,70,Male,1940,76,Elementary school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Melayu,Yes,No,No,No,No,No,Do nothing,Kill Tiger,Kill Tiger,Kill Tiger,Kill Tiger,Kill Tiger,Kill Tiger,Kill Tiger,Kill Tiger,Kill Tiger,Kill Tiger,Were Tiger,Zoological Tiger,Spirit Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Tigers here will be angry if someone has sex without being married and someone showers in the river without wearing any clothes. These are part of adat (customary) rules in this village.,,,, IA_12MARCH2015_2,IA,68,03/12/2015,406,Questionnarie,11,67,Male,1967,49,Junior school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Melayu,Yes,No,No,No,No,No,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Were Tiger,Other Species,Other Species,Zoological Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"When we get lost in the forest, a tiger will show us the way home. There is a Sumatran tiger which lives in the forest where we got lost. He will not show himself to us. He is worried that we were afraid of hm so he left his footprints on the ground for us to follow until we finally found our way home.",,,, 150308_001,YA,69,3/14/2015,422,Questionnarie,11,68,Male,1982,34,Elementary school,Farmer,-NA-,Other,Muslim,Javanese,No,No,No,No,No,No,Do nothing,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Other Species,Spirit Tiger,Zoological Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"There is a story about the Kumbang tiger that protects this village. The elder said that it protects the village from outsiders (zoological) tigers. If zoological tigers come, the Kumbang tiger will roar. It will also help us if we get lost in the forest.",,,, 812_0046,IA,70,3/26/2015,459,Questionnarie,37,1,Male,1955,61,Senior high school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Melayu,Yes,No,No,Yes,No,No,Do nothing,Kill Tiger,Kill Tiger,Kill Tiger,Kill Tiger,Kill Tiger,Kill Tiger,Kill Tiger,Kill Tiger,Kill Tiger,Kill Tiger,Zoological Tiger,Other Species,Other Species,Other Species,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"Spiritual tigers come from someone's soul that has powers, like black or white magic. When they die, their soul becomes a tiger. If the person has a disability, the spiritual tiger will have the same disability. The difference between a spiritual tiger and a zoological tiger is that the spiritual tiger wants to meet humans. ",,,, 812_0045,IA,71,3/24/2015,NA,Snowball,37,72,Female,1932,84,No school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Melayu,Yes,No,No,Yes,No,No,NA,Do nothing,NA,Do nothing,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Zoological Tiger,Other Species,Other Species,Other Species,Spirit Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"A spiritual tiger protects 'village xxxxx', 'village xxxxx', 'village xxxxx', and 'village xxxxx'. I heard this spiritual tiger comes from someone's spirit. It protects the village if a zoological tiger comes.",A tiger will show us the way home when we get lost in the forest. It will show us the way home by leaving its footprints on the ground. In the past I have been lost in the forest and the tiger showed me the way home. I followed its footprints until I found the way back to this village.,I believe in tiger shamans because someone here was cured by one in 'village xxxxx'. But the shaman passed away.,, 150309_001,EK,72,3/22/2015,440,Questionnarie,37,71,Male,1967,49,Elementary school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Melayu,No,No,No,Yes,No,No,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Zoological Tiger,Spirit Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,I met a tiger many times when I was young.,The Sumatran tiger will show someone how to get home when they are lost in the forest.,"In the past someone here was killed by a tiger. it was dhuhur time (sholat during midday), when he was attacked. This was because he didn't pray and was a little bit crazy. They found the man with his face pointing downward. The tiger didn't want to see the man's face while the tiger attacked him because the tiger was ashamed to see a human face. ",I only know from other people that there was a tiger shaman in 'villge xxxxx'. She has already passed away., 150310-001,EK,73,3/24/2015,461,Questionnarie,6,73,Male,1970,46,Junior school,Farmer,-NA-,Other,Muslim,Melayu,Yes,No,Yes,Yes,No,No,Do nothing,Kill Tiger,Kill Tiger,Kill Tiger,NA,Kill Tiger,Kill Tiger,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Kill Tiger,Zoological Tiger,Other Species,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Orange with black stripes and as big as a calf with four toes.,,,, 150311_001,YA,74,3/24/2015,466,Questionnarie,6,74,Male,1965,51,Elementary school,Farmer,-NA-,Other,Muslim,Melayu,No,No,Yes,Yes,No,Yes,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Zoological Tiger,Spirit Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,,,,, 812.0055,BM,75,03/07/2015,372,Questionnarie,23,64,Male,1961,55,Senior high school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Melayu,No,No,Yes,Yes,No,No,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Spirit Tiger,Zoological Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"The Cik tiger (zoological tiger) was trapped in a cage that was made by my ancestor. The cage was big and made of wood and my ancestor put bait in it. The tiger met my ancestor and said ""Hi old man, please let me go"". My ancestor said, ""if I let you go, then you will eat me"". The tiger said ""No, I won't eat you, I won't become your enemy"". So my ancerstor released it. At the beginning, the tiger didn't try and catch my ancestor, but then he tried to catch him. When they were still talking, suddenly a mouse deer came and asked my ancestor what was going on and where he found the tiger. My ancestor explained the situation to the mouse deer and then asked for a solution, because the tiger promised that it wouldn't eat him if he let it go, but now the tiger was trying to eat him. Then, the mouse deer put the tiger back into the cage as punishment for breaking his promise.",,,, 812_0048,IA,76,04/05/2015,475,Questionnarie,35,76,Male,1945,71,Elementary school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Melayu,Yes,No,No,No,No,No,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Zoological Tiger,Other Species,Other Species,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,When we get lost in the forest we can call a Sumatran tiger to show us the way home. The tiger will not show itself to us. It will just roar or leave behind footprints. Then we follow the roar or the footprints all the way home. The tiger will not show itsself because it knows that we are afraid of it.,"There are no special rules about the tiger in our religion. But they do mention that we are not allowed to disturb any other creatures (and the tiger is a creature, so is included in this). We are not allowed to disturb animals or humans that have caused us no harm.",,, 150326_001,YA,77,04/04/2015,492,Questionnarie,35,75,Male,1975,41,Senior high school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Melayu,Yes,No,Yes,No,No,No,Do nothing,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Report authority,Other Species,Other Species,Zoological Tiger,,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,When I was a kid I heard a story about someone that can turn into a harimau pasmah (weretiger). I don't remember it that well because I heard it when I was a kid. ,,,, 14042015_001,BM,79,4/14/2015,539,Questionnarie,30,77,Male,1961,55,No school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Melayu,No,No,Yes,Yes,No,No,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Spirit Tiger,Other Species,Zoological Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"There is a guardian tiger in this village which guards the village border. In the past, our ancestor passed away and its spirit transformed into a tiger. it has never disturbed the villagers, in fact it protects and helps the villagers if there are bad people or any kind of trouble.",,,, 812_0049,IA,80,4/19/2015,557,Questionnarie,31,83,Male,1967,49,Senior high school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Melayu,Yes,No,No,Yes,No,No,Do nothing,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Do nothing,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Other Species,Zoological Tiger,Spirit Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"This spiritual tiger guards people in this village. It will roar if other tigers enter this village. When we get lost in the forest, the tiger will appear in our dreams to show us the way home. Then we will wake up and find the way home .","I have no experience, I only believe that shamans are able to cure people with the darah buruk sickness.",,, 812_0050,IA,81,4/17/2015,NA,Snowball,31,78,Male,1968,48,University,Farmer,Teacher,Same,Muslim,Melayu,No,No,No,Yes,No,No,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Other Species,Were Tiger,Zoological Tiger,Spirit Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,The spiritual tiger will roar to give a sign to the people that a bad thing is happening/has happened in the village. For example if someone didn't pay a penalty for his/her mistake or if someone has broken customary or Islamic rules.,"Because the villagers' knowledge relating to religion is already well developed and followed. In the past people had little knowledge relating to religious rules, that's why the spiritual tiger helped the people here to create the rules.","I have been cured by a tiger shaman, when i was infected by darah buruk sickness ",, 812.0058,BM,82,4/17/2015,NA,Snowball,31,79,Male,1968,48,Senior high school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Melayu,No,No,No,No,No,No,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Kill Tiger,Kill Tiger,Do nothing,Kill Tiger,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Other Species,Zoological Tiger,Other Species,Spirit Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"There has been a guardian tiger in this village for a long time. The guardian tiger will tell the villagers if there is another tiger coming to the village by roaring, so it protects us from other wild animals. It will also tell us if there will be a disaster or something wrong happening in the village by showing itself to us.",,,, 812. 0059,BM,83,4/18/2015,567,Questionnarie,31,81,Male,1954,62,Senior high school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Melayu,Yes,No,No,Yes,No,No,Do nothing,Report authority,Report authority,Kill Tiger,Kill Tiger,Report authority,Kill Tiger,Report authority,Kill Tiger,Report authority,Do nothing,Were Tiger,Spirit Tiger,Other Species,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"Similar with a zoological tiger but it is as big as a sheep, it could transform into a human and then transform back into a tiger. When it becomes a human, he/she doesn't have a harelip and still has a tail.",,,, 150415_001,YA,84,4/17/2015,571,Questionnarie,31,80,Male,1955,61,Elementary school,Farmer,-NA-,Other,Muslim,Melayu,No,No,Yes,Yes,Yes,No,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Zoological Tiger,Were Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,A spiritual tiger comes from the spirit of our grandparent(s) when they die. It will follow their grandson but not the granddaughter.,,,, 150415_002,YA,85,4/18/2015,NA,Snowball,31,82,Male,1980,36,University,Teacher,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Melayu,Yes,No,Yes,No,No,No,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Zoological Tiger,Other Species,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"There is a story about a tiger that gives a sign if something wrong /bad has happened in the village, like breaking customary law or if there was chaos or someone had sex before marriage. Villagers believe that the spiritual tiger will leave pugmarks in the village if this happens.",,,, 812_0051,IA,86,4/26/2015,NA,Snowball,54,84,Male,1989,27,Senior high school,Farmer,Head of Village,Same,Muslim,Melayu,No,No,No,No,No,No,Do nothing,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Zoological Tiger,Other Species,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"The tiger (spiritual tiger) will be angry if it thinks that we imitate it. The tiger will roar. In the past when the land was part of a kingdom, the king here swore that if a leader did something bad or made an unfair decision or if the community did something bad, the tiger would enter the village.","The weretiger is actually a spirit from the elder that penetrated into a Sumatran tiger. So if the grandchild of the spirit soul asked for help, then the spirit that had penetrated into tiger will help his grandchild.",,, 150417_001,YA,87,4/27/2015,627,Questionnarie,54,85,Male,1975,41,Junior school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Melayu,No,No,No,No,No,No,Do nothing,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Kill Tiger,Do nothing,Report authority,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Other Species,Zoological Tiger,Were Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,The puyang tiger is our ancestor. It can help me when I need it by making me stronger than normal. I can call it and its spirit will come into my body and make me stronger.,,,, EK_20 May 2015_1,EK,88,5/20/2015,637,Questionnarie,45,87,Male,1955,61,Elementary school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Minangkabau,No,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,No,Do nothing,Perman ently remove from the wild,Perman ently remove from the wild,Perman ently remove from the wild,NA,Perman ently remove from the wild,Perman ently remove from the wild,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Spirit Tiger,Other Species,Zoological Tiger,Were Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,I have experience of getting lost in the forest and a tiger helping me to get out.,,,, EK_22 May 2015_1,EK,89,5/22/2015,641,Questionnarie,45,89,Male,1955,61,Elementary school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Minangkabau,Yes,No,No,Yes,No,Yes,Do nothing,Perman ently remove from the wild,catch the tiger,Other,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Spirit Tiger,Spirit Tiger,Spirit Tiger,Spirit Tiger,Spirit Tiger,Spirit Tiger,Spirit Tiger,Zoological Tiger,NA,NA,Elderly people in this village told us that the tiger is a kind animal. If we get lost in the forest we can ask for help from the tiger. The tiger usually indirectly help us by breaking twigs and we just follow the sound of breaking twigs until we find our way home.,,,, 812_0054,IA,90,5/20/2015,655,Questionnarie,45,88,Male,1968,48,Senior high school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Minangkabau,Yes,No,No,Yes,No,Yes,Do nothing,Relocate to another forest,NA,NA,NA,Report authority,NA,Other,NA,NA,NA,Other Species,Spirit Tiger,Zoological Tiger,Other Species,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,The tiger will show people a way home when they get lost in the forest.,"The elders said that a weretiger is a transformation of a human to a tiger, but it's only a legend and does not exist in our religion. It is also able to reincarnate/transform up to seven times. So after it has transformed into a tiger then it will die and transform again into another creature. But this is already rare. Maybe people will hide this knowledge because they think it is a shameful thing for the family. If this still exists people will not spread the news (gossip). Why is the man able to become a weretiger? The elder said that it is a kind of curse. Maybe he (the man) was arrogant and then the people curse him to become a tiger.","The elder said, if a tiger comes to a village then a shaman will curse it and he will chase the tiger away. The tiger will be no longer find its prey. We call it a lost tiger.",, 812.0060-0061,BM,91,5/24/2015,685,Questionnarie,45,90,Male,1950,66,Elementary school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Melayu,Yes,No,No,No,No,No,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Other Species,Zoological Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"This type of tiger has various colors which can change when it becomes an adult; white to yellow, black to black and white stripes, black-to black and yellow stripes. The length is around 1 m (smaller than other kinds of tiger).",,,, 150512_001,YA,92,5/17/2015,687,Questionnarie,45,86,Male,1951,65,Senior high school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Minangkabau,Yes,No,No,No,No,No,Do nothing,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Zoological Tiger,Other Species,Spirit Tiger,Other Species,Other Species,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"My father has experience in catching a spiritual tiger. There were rumours that a person became a tiger because his graveyard was broken and had a hole. My father wanted to know whether this was true so he set a trap and in the middle of the night, a spiritual tiger came into the trap.",,,, EK_31May2015_1,EK,93,5/31/2015,722,Questionnarie,16,94,Female,1959,57,Junior school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Minangkabau,Yes,No,Yes,Yes,No,No,Do nothing,Perman ently remove from the wild,Other,Perman ently remove from the wild,Kill tiger,Perman ently remove from the wild,Perman ently remove from the wild,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Zoological Tiger,Other Species,Other Species,Other Species,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"The tiger is a kind animal. If we are lost in the forest, we can ask for help from the tiger and it usually helps us indirectly.",,,, IA_27May 2015_1,IA,94,5/27/2015,729,Questionnarie,16,91,Male,1964,52,Elementary school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Minangkabau,Yes,No,No,No,No,No,Do nothing,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,NA,Do nothing,Relocate to another forest,Do nothing,NA,NA,NA,Zoological Tiger,Other Species,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"It is the king of the jungle. The colour is black. One of its feet is smaller than the other. The size is bigger than that of a Sumatran tiger. The population is very small, only a couple of kumbang tiger cubs are born. They like to help people. If there is a tiger from outside entering this area, the kumbang tiger will attack it.","There is a story from 'village xxxxx'. The incident happened in 2006 when a man was climbing a tree. Without any reason, the man died when he was in the tree. Noone knew about it, not even his family. Every one looked for him. Then a tiger came to the man's village and left its footprints in the direction of the tree where the man had died. It was as if the tiger informed the villagers of where to find the man.",,, 812.0062,BM,95,5/30/2015,756,Questionnarie,16,93,Male,1968,48,Elementary school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Melayu,No,No,No,No,No,No,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Zoological Tiger,Other Species,Other Species,Other Species,Spirit Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"Red stripes with yellow, 12 feet in length. One of its hind feet is smaller than the other and it can be seen from its pugmark. I have seen it in the past. It can die but will leave a descendant.",,,, 150517_001,YA,96,5/28/2015,771,Questionnarie,16,92,Male,1969,47,Elementary school,Farmer,-NA-,Other,Muslim,Minangkabau,No,No,No,No,No,No,Report authority,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Spirit Tiger,Zoological Tiger,Other Species,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,There is a story about the Tingkih tiger with one of its paws smaller than the other. It can help villagers if they get lost in the forest. It will show them the way out from the forest. It won't show itself just a clear way to get out of the forest. Villagers also call it 'Inyak'.,,,, EK_6June2015_1,EK,97,06/06/2015,785,Questionnarie,2,96,Male,1954,62,No school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Minangkabau,No,Yes,No,Yes,No,No,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Zoological Tiger,Other Species,Other Species,Were Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"It is bigger than a Sumatran tiger, yellow with black stripes, its right leg paw is bigger than the left one.",,,, IA_9JUN2015_1,IA,98,06/09/2015,820,Questionnarie,2,98,Male,1961,55,No school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Minangkabau,Yes,Yes,Yes,No,No,No,Do nothing,Relocate to another forest,Relocate to another forest,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Relocate to another forest,NA,Relocate to another forest,Do nothing,Do nothing,Relocate to another forest,Zoological Tiger,Other Species,Other Species,Other Species,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"It helps us when we get lost in the forest. We just call, 'Grandpa please help us!' After a few minutes we will see its footprints on the ground and follow them home. Maybe because it feels sorry for the people. Based on the story from the elders, our ancestors released the tiger from the forest and it promised that it will help people find their way home when they get lost in the forest.",,,, 812.0064,BM,99,06/05/2015,853,Questionnarie,2,95,Female,1970,46,Elementary school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Melayu,Yes,No,Yes,No,No,No,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Zoological Tiger,Were Tiger,Other Species,Other Species,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"Black stripes with yellow colour, but one of its hind feet is smaller than the other (the left one).",,,, BM_15/06/2015_1,BM,100,6/15/2015,882,Questionnarie,2,99,Male,1960,56,No school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Melayu,Yes,No,No,Yes,No,No,Do nothing,Kill Tiger,Kill Tiger,Kill Tiger,Kill Tiger,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Other Species,Zoological Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"Similar with the tiger in the picture (black stripes with a yellow colour). It is as big as a horse, but its right front foot has only four toes.",,,, 150525_001,YA,101,06/08/2015,907,Questionnarie,2,97,Male,1975,41,Elementary school,Employee,-NA-,Other,Muslim,Minangkabau,No,No,Yes,Yes,Yes,No,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Zoological Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"The Tingkih tiger protects this village. If a tiger from outside (i.e. a Sumatran tiger) comes to this village, it will send the Sumatran tiger away.",,,, 812.0067-0068 & BM_04082015_001 ,BM,102,08/04/2015,939,Questionnarie,47,100,Male,1979,37,Senior high school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Minangkabau,Yes,No,Yes,Yes,No,Yes,Do nothing,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Spirit Tiger,Zoological Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"Similar to a cat that has many different colours, these are completely white, black, etc. and also as big as a cat.",,,, 150804_001/ 150804_002/ 150804_003/150804_006,KA,103,08/04/2015,949,Questionnarie,47,101,Male,1955,61,Elementary school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Minangkabau,Yes,Yes,No,No,No,No,Do nothing,Do nothing,NA,Do nothing,NA,Do nothing,NA,Do nothing,NA,NA,NA,Other Species,Other Species,Zoological Tiger,Spirit Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"About five years ago, a man was killed by tiger when he looked for rattan in the forest and tried to steal a tiger cub. ",,,, 150808_001,YA,104,08/08/2015,NA,Snowball,47,103,Male,1950,66,Elementary school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Minangkabau,Yes,No,Yes,No,No,No,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Other Species,Zoological Tiger,Other Species,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"The tiger here is a fair animal. If there is someone that has done something bad (like cheating or having sex outside of marriage), the tiger will attack that person if that person goes into the forest. If villagers don't disturb the tiger, the tiger won't disturb the villagers. But if villagers disturb tiger, then the tiger will disturb the villagers. There was someone from this village who was attacked by a tiger. It injured one of his arms and killed him because he took one of its tiger cubs.",,,, 150808_001,KA,105,08/08/2015,993,Questionnarie,34,104,Male,1983,33,Elementary school,Entrepreneur,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Minangkabau,Yes,No,Yes,Yes,No,No,Do nothing,Kill tiger,NA,Kill tiger,NA,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Zoological Tiger,Other Species,Other Species,Other Species,Were Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,They are the owner of this place ('xxxxx') so they called it Nenek (ancestor).,"6 or 7 years ago, a tiger ate livestock (goat) and the people got angry and poisoned the remains of the meat. The tiger ate the poisoned meat and was found dead in the forest.",,, 150808_002,KA,106,08/08/2015,994,Questionnarie,34,105,Male,1956,60,Junior school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Minangkabau,Yes,No,No,Yes,No,No,Do nothing,Kill tiger,NA,Kill tiger,NA,Kill tiger,NA,Do nothing,NA,Do nothing,NA,Zoological Tiger,Spirit Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Striped black and white lines and as big as a dog.,"About six or seven years ago, a tiger came to the village and stole a goat. Villagers then put poison in the remains of the meat. The people found the tiger dead in the nearby forest. ",,, IA_6AUGUST2015_1,IA,107,08/06/2015,1016,Questionnarie,34,102,Female,1996,20,Senior high school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Minangkabau,No,Yes,Yes,No,No,No,Do nothing,Perman ently remove from the wild,Perman ently remove from the wild,Perman ently remove from the wild,Perman ently remove from the wild,Perman ently remove from the wild,Perman ently remove from the wild,NA,NA,NA,Other,Other Species,Zoological Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"It is a human, then after she/he dies it transforms into a tiger because he/she still has unfinished business when s/he was still alive.","We are not allowed to kill animals, including tigers, except for animals that have disturbed us.",,, VID_115226,IA,108,08/10/2015,1026,Questionnarie,34,106,Male,1932,84,Elementary school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Minangkabau,Yes,Yes,No,No,No,No,Do nothing,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,NA,NA,Report authority,NA,Report authority,NA,NA,NA,Zoological Tiger,Spirit Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"The tiger will show us the way home when we are lost in the forest. Because it is the king of the forest only a tiger is able to help us when we get lost in the jungle because maybe there is a kind of agreement with our ancestor, I don't know. Maybe the tiger got caught by our ancestor and then the tiger begged to be released and then the tiger promised our ancestor that in the future it would help us (the descendents) when they got lost in the forest.",,,, 812.0069,BM,109,8/14/2015,1040,Questionnarie,48,109,Male,1954,62,Elementary school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Minangkabau,No,No,Yes,Yes,No,Yes,Do nothing,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Do nothing,Kill tiger,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Zoological Tiger,Spirit Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"Similar with zoological tiger, its chest is white, it often makes a sound like this, 'angku-angku-angku', it is as big as a goat (1.5 m). A zoological tiger will run away if it hears it roaring because it is scared.",,,, 812.0070-0071,BM,110,8/15/2015,1043,Questionnarie,48,110,Male,1956,60,Elementary school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Minangkabau,Yes,Yes,No,Yes,No,Yes,Do nothing,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Spirit Tiger,Zoological Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"Similar with a zoological tiger, but it is smaller, as big as a goat or a dog. If it is the size of a dog you can't see the stripes until it matures into an adult tiger (as big as a zoological tiger). so it is difficult to differentiate between them once it is an adult.",,,, KA_12Aug2015_1,KA,111,08/12/2015,1051,Questionnarie,48,107,Male,1957,59,Elementary school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Minangkabau,Yes,No,No,Yes,No,No,Do nothing,NA,NA,NA,NA,Perman ently remove from the wild,NA,Do nothing,NA,NA,NA,Zoological Tiger,Spirit Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"Four years ago, I saw a tiger when I went into the forest looking for rattan, but it didn't disturb me.",,,, "150813_01, 150813_02, 150813_03",KA,112,8/13/2015,1054,Questionnarie,48,108,Male,1968,48,Elementary school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Minangkabau,Yes,No,No,Yes,No,Yes,Do nothing,NA,NA,Report authority,NA,Report authority,NA,Do nothing,NA,NA,NA,Other Species,Zoological Tiger,Were Tiger,Other Species,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"There were three men who went into the forest looking for rattan and they met a baby tiger. One of them took the baby and put it in a sack. But then, he was attacked and eaten by the mother tiger. But the two others were not.",,,, 812_0058,IA,113,8/15/2015,1099,Questionnarie,48,111,Female,1961,55,Elementary school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Minangkabau,Yes,No,Yes,No,No,No,Do nothing,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,NA,Report authority,NA,Report authority,NA,Report authority,NA,Zoological Tiger,Other Species,Were Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"This is a story from my mother. A long time ago, there was a lady, her name was 'person xxxx'. This girl was rebellious making her mother angry with her. She cursed her to become a tiger and when she transformed she asked her mother to accompany her to the forest, so that the forest creatures would accept her. Finally this weretiger stayed in the forest.",,,, 150903_001,KA,114,09/03/2015,1121,Questionnarie,1,113,Male,1978,38,Elementary school,Employee,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Minangkabau,Yes,No,No,Yes,No,Yes,Do nothing,Report authority,Report authority,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Do nothing,Kill tiger,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Zoological Tiger,Spirit Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,It was a long time ago. There were too many tigers at that time. They ate humans and goats. The last incident was in the 1990's. ,"Small, as big as a dog. Some are black and some are like ordinary tigers. People said, they are naughty, chasing people. But they don't disturb people and don't eat livestock either. ","Tigers come from human beings. It is said that humans can be reincarnated seven times to correct for bad behaviour. People also can become tigers because they've learned tiger-martial arts (silat harimau). They will defend this right as their power was inherited. Nowadays, they are no longer. ",I was medicated once when I got darah buruk (bad blood) disease. , 150906_001,KA & BM,115,09/06/2015,NA,Snowball,1,115,Male,1959,57,Elementary school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Minangkabau,Yes,Yes,No,Yes,No,Yes,Do nothing,Do nothing,Report authority,NA,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Were Tiger,Zoological Tiger,Other Species,Spirit Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"The color is only black or only white. The size is as big as a goat but when there is something threatening, they will getting bigger. Tigers are from 'village xxxxx', from a long time ago (the beginning of this earth). It's told that 'person xxxx' went hunting. During this trip, he dreamed of black and white tigers which became real.",The last incident I remember was in 1983 or 1984. A tiger caught someone. Maybe the tiger was sick. There were a few people that got attacked.,"The weretiger comes from God's power, because when he is alive his behavior was like a tiger's. The shape is same as an ordinary tiger, but sometimes he isn't aware that he's a tiger so sometimes he catches people's livestock ",I was medicated in 2014. I got antagi harimau (tiger's disease). , 150903_001,YA,116,09/03/2015,NA,Snowball,1,114,Male,1945,71,Elementary school,Entrepreneur,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Minangkabau,No,No,Yes,Yes,No,No,Do nothing,Perman ently remove from the wild,Other,Perman ently remove from the wild,Relocate to another forest,Perman ently remove from the wild,NA,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Zoological Tiger,Other Species,Were Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,There is a story about a tiger that protects this village. A long time ago there were many zoological tigers here because there were not many houses. Around my house there was still forest. Quite often villagers saw zoological tigers. When that happened a spiritual tiger would chase the zoological tiger away so it wouldn't disturb the villagers. That's what I heard from elders in this village a long time ago.,,,, 812_0059,IA,117,09/02/2015,1147,Questionnarie,1,112,Male,1956,60,Elementary school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Minangkabau,Yes,No,Yes,No,No,No,Do nothing,Perman ently remove from the wild,Perman ently remove from the wild,Report authority,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Report authority,Do nothing,Do nothing,NA,Zoological Tiger,Other Species,Were Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"They were the ancestors of villagers. They passed away then transformed into tigers. That is why they guard this village. Based on stories from the elders, one day the tigers came into their grandchildren's dreams. In the dreams they told their grandchildren that they transformed into tigers and would guard the village (for example they will show the villagers the way home if they got lost in the forest). Or they will guard us when there is gang fight (village war). ",,,, No record,BM,118,09/10/2015,1170,Questionnarie,38,116,Female,1979,37,Senior high school,Housewife,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Minangkabau,No,Yes,No,Yes,No,No,Do nothing,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Perman ently remove from the wild,NA,Do nothing,NA,Perman ently remove from the wild,Kill tiger,Zoological Tiger,Other Species,Were Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,I don't know how it looks because we just guess that it is a tiger based on the voice and behaviour of the person who was possessed by a spirit.,,,, 812.0073,BM,119,9/13/2015,NA,Snowball,10,117,Male,1930,86,Elementary school,Unemployed,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Minangkabau,No,No,Yes,No,No,No,Do nothing,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Do nothing,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Zoological Tiger,Were Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,The weretiger was originally froma human who has passed away and when buried he/she could not stay in the grave because it was torturous due to them having too many sins. So she/he asked God to bring him/her back to life to pay for his/her sins.,,,, 150913_001,KA,120,9/13/2015,NA,Snowball,10,118,Male,1953,63,Junior school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Minangkabau,Yes,Yes,No,Yes,No,Yes,Do nothing,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Do nothing,Do nothing,Report authority,Do nothing,Zoological Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,The stripes are white and grey. As big as goat. They eat other animals.,"Weretiger is the same as an ordinary tiger but it comes from humans. When a human is dead but never prayed during his life, they become tigers.",I heard about tiger shamans in 'village xxxxx' that can heal people who suffered from bad blood disease.,, 812_0060,IA & KA,121,9/13/2015,NA,Snowball,10,119,Male,1953,63,Elementary school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Minangkabau,Yes,Yes,Yes,No,No,Yes,Do nothing,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Other Species,Zoological Tiger,Were Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"Once upon a time, in the time of Pahit Lidah (a powerful warrior who was able to change creatures to stone), there was a criminal who liked disturbing the villagers here. He had a faithful wife. Pahit Lidah cursed the man to become a tiger and chained him to the hill. His wife accompanied him and took care of the tiger (her husband) by feeding him. Everyday his wife found him grasshoppers, sambar deer or even wildboar to eat. One day the tiger felt bored with the food and said to his wife that he wanted to eat a human heart. His wife then brought her husband a banana flower (jantung pisang). The tiger ate it and he was surprised because the banana flower was very bitter. Then he said to his wife that he would not eat anymore and requested a human's heart again. He promised that he would be kind and protect humans. If there were tigers coming from elsewhere entering the village then he would inform the people. Up to now, if tigers come to this village then the stone where he was chained will shake like an earthquake. I don't know what happenened to his wife, the elder never talked about it. The stone is located on the hill in this village but very far away. This stone is called ' xxxxx' and it is guarded. If some one has sex without being married, then the tiger will inform the elders by roaring. ","A man/women passed away, after 45 days s/he transformed to become a tiger. There will be a hole in her/his tomb. As long as 45 days before s/he i out of the tomb, s/he ate its shroud. S/he transformed to become a weretiger because during her/his life time the person done bad things and God wrath was upon him/her. The wrath of God was too painful then the person asked God to returned them to the world again. God returned them to the world but not as a human, but as a tiger. When they were transformed into a tiger, this person ate people's poultry and scared the people. The tiger passed away. And God's wrath was upon him again. Then the person made the same request - to be returned to the world. The man transformed to be a wild boar. Once transformed into a wildboar, this person disturbed people who were planting, then he passed away. That is the story, the story from the elder. The elder told the story in order for us to do the right thing, be diligent in sholah (prayer), and do what God commands.","It preys on dogs, cocks/hens and birds. It doesn't disturb people. Why? because in the past it was our ancestor's pet. Our ancestor fed it and took care of it. After our ancestor passed away, this cat enter into the forest. It grew bigger and bigger. That's why it doesn't disturb humans, because it already knows human being.","It is a doubtful animal. Sometimes it wants to prey on humans, but the human size is too big for it. Sometimes it wants to prey on birds, but the bird's size is too small, so it will be angry. Finally it doesn't eat human nor the bird. It will starve because of its doubtfulness. ","They are bad animals that disturb us. If someone is killed because of the tiger, then this tiger must be the suspect. There is also the kind one. But the kind one must have an owner. Someone can make friends with a tiger, but the tiger is only kind to the owner." 150916_001,YA,122,9/16/2015,NA,Snowball,50,120,Male,1975,41,Elementary school,Farmer,School guard,Other,Muslim,Javanese,Yes,No,Yes,Yes,No,No,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Zoological Tiger,Were Tiger,Other Species,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"There is a tiger that protects this village, If there is something bad happening (like a disaster, crime or having sex without being married) it will let the villagers know by roaring or showing itself near the forest edge. ",,,, 151006_001,YA & BM,123,10/06/2015,1268,Questionnarie,12,121,Male,1951,65,Elementary school,Farmer,-NA-,Other,Muslim,Javanese,Yes,No,Yes,No,No,No,Do nothing,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Zoological Tiger,Other Species,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"There is a story about the Jiadan tiger which is human but can turn into a tiger by wearing a black vest made from leather from 'village xxxxx' in 'xxxxx'. When someone wears this vest they turn into a real tiger (they eat raw meat). When they take off that vest, they turn into a human again. That vest can't be taken off by someone who wears it, someone else (a trusted person) has to take it off.",,,, 812_0062,IA & KA,124,10/09/2015,NA,Snowball,12,122,Male,1959,57,Elementary school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Melayu,Yes,No,No,No,No,No,Do nothing,Kill Tiger,Kill Tiger,Kill Tiger,Kill Tiger,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Zoological Tiger,Other Species,Spirit Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,They kill human beings and it is a rude animal. It is able to transform into a human being that doesn't have a harelip.,"Based on my grandfather and other elders, six spiritual tigers were once human beings; six brother and sisters. They ran away from 'village xxxxx'. We don' t know where exactly, but the brothers and sisters fled to another village. But this village elder, we call it 'xxxxx' (our original ancestor here) fought them. Why? I don't know. The six brothers and sisters eventually gave up. They pledged that they would guard the people in this village and all of their descendants until they died. Afterwards they would continue to guard this village. Their graves are still in the rubber plantation in this village. We take care of the graveyard. These 6 brother and sister passed away and transformed into tigers and guard this village. They are not real tigers, they are only spirit tigers.","Based on my elder's story, all of the tigers in the past pledged that they will not kill humans. If they kill humans, then people will kill them or, if not, then the tiger will not find prey and will starve to death. Harimau from 'village xxxxx' (weretiger), Sumatran tiger, and spiritual tiger also agreed with the pledge. But I don't know why there are tigers still killing humans. But what happens if someone kills the tiger? Is there also a pledge from people? I don't know about that. I only know that we are not allowed to kill a tiger if the tiger didn't disturb us.",, 812.0074,BM & KA,125,10/11/2015,NA,Snowball,26,123,Male,1950,66,Elementary school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Rejang,Yes,No,No,Yes,No,Yes,Do nothing,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Zoological Tiger,Other Species,Spirit Tiger,Other Species,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"Full black, sometimes it looks small and sometimes it looks big, its stomach touches the ground.",,,, IA_17Oct2015_1,IA ,126,10/17/2015,NA,Snowball,25,124,Male,1935,81,Elementary school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Melayu,Yes,No,Yes,No,No,No,Do nothing,Kill Tiger,Kill Tiger,Kill Tiger,Kill Tiger,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Other Species,Other Species,Other Species,Zoological Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"This is the story from my elder. In the past, before Dutch colonialism, there was a sacred Moneng (Islamic messenger). He taught Islam to villagers here. We didn't know where he was from. He was a powerful man. He able to go to Mecca in one wink of an eye (very fast). He was also able to speak with the tiger. One day, two tigers came to his house. One was black and the other was like a zoological tiger (black and yellow striped). But the striped tiger was covered with scabs. That's why we call it Kedal tiger. The black one is called kumbang tiger. These tigers came to the Moneng's house to make friends with him. After they got into conversation, the moneng agreed to be friends with these tigers. One of the Moneng's requirements was that these tiger have to guard the village and protect the villagers and their descendants until long into the future. Since that time, this village has been guarded by these tigers. The Kumbang tiger guards the 'xxxxx' hills that are near the 'xxxxx' river, while the Kedal tiger guards 'xxxxx' hill. These tigers save us from weretiger (Dempu tiger) attacks. If the Dempu tiger come to this village then these guardian tigers will fight them. These guardian tigers a still exist up to now and are spiritual tigers. It is impossible for human beings like us to see them. Maybe only the Moneng was able to see and communicate with them because the Moneng was a powerful person. ",They originally come from the 'xxxxx' forest. They are bad and like to disturb human beings. Its colour is the same as a Sumatran tiger. People said when it transformed into a human being it didn't have a hare lip. ,,, 151019_001 - 151019_002,KA,127,10/19/2015,1428,Questionnarie,46,125,Male,1958,58,Elementary school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Melayu,No,No,No,Yes,No,No,Do nothing,Kill Tiger,Kill Tiger,Kill Tiger,Kill Tiger,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Other Species,Zoological Tiger,Other Species,Other Species,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"The sacred tiger (harimau keramat) can be big or small. The color is black. It will make a sound when something bad is going to happen in this village. It used to lay down on the stone near the sacred tomb in this village. When we got lost in the forest, it would help us. Maybe he's our ancestor or one of the sacred people. In the olden times, there were many sacred people.","The weretiger came from a human being. It's a human (alive) that can become a tiger. They're naughty. In the old times, it's important for people to be powerful (having black magic and becoming a tiger) because it's was the time when people used to killed other people.",Real tigers have their own world and they have their own houses. Their place is called 'xxxxx' but I don't know where it is exactly (its like a supranatural world). Real tigers will always avoid meeting humans because when they meet humans they will not eat for a week. They will only eat clay. I don't know why.,"In the past (1960s-70s), there was a human-tiger incident and a shaman came here to expel the weretiger. He made an offering and put it on the village border.", 812_0067,KA & IA,128,10/25/2015,NA,Snowball,27,126,Male,1932,84,Elementary school,Farmer,-NA-,Other,Muslim,Mixed,Yes,Yes,No,No,No,No,Do nothing,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Zoological Tiger,Spirit Tiger,,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,The last incident happened in the 2000s.,"Weretiger only existed in the past, nowadays they don't exist. This tiger came froma human who could transform into a tiger. It's human that had a supernatural ability (black magic), which was inherited. A man or a woman could be a weretiger. When weretigers crossed the river, it became a tiger. When it crossed here, it became human. ",As big as a dog. The color is black and white.,"Sacred tigers or ancestor tigers live on the hills or in sacred places. Sacred tigers can be bigger or smaller. When they protect humans, they will be bigger. They are powerful animals. They have their own world, their place is made from gold. Their place is on the Saung Hill near the upper part of Bal River (the river that crossing the village). But their world is invisible; the forest there is still good. It's primary forest. Mountain tigers will help us when we're lost in the forest.Once a year, we make an alms together here (the last alm was held in May). It's called nepung dinging/tepung tawar, an offering for respecting the universe and begging for salvation for all of the village's guardian spirits. ","Kepunan is a term used when we want to eat or do something which we end up not doing. When we 'kepunan' and go into the forest and meet a tiger, the tiger would see us as prey and eat us." 812.0076,BM & KA,129,12/13/2015,1679,Questionnarie,40,127,Male,1968,48,Elementary school,Builder,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Rejang,Yes,No,Yes,Yes,No,Yes,Do nothing,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Permanently remove from the wild,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Zoological Tiger,Other Species,Other Species,,Other Species,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"The story began with three siblings, the oldest sibling (female) ordered her younger siblings to do some housework while she just stayed at home because she is the leader and is the most powerful. The first sibling was ordered to wash the dishes in the river, there is a hole at the opening, that the first sibling was hiding in because s/he was afraid being hit by her/his powerful sister, then eventually s/he turned into a crocodile. The second sibling was ordered to ask for fire from their neighbour, since s/he was also scared of her/his sister, s/he also hid in that neighbour's house and was unwilling to go home.Whilst in the house, s/he ate his/her neighbour's fish, then eventually s/he turned into a cat. Their older sister would later change into a sacred tiger.",,,, 812.0077-0078,BM & YA,130,12/15/2015,NA,Snowball,5,130,Female,1960,56,No school,Farmer,-NA-,Other,Muslim,Rejang,Yes,No,Yes,Yes,No,Yes,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Kill tiger,Report authority,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Zoological Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"Full black, it is short and as big as a goat, its size could change from small to large. Its pugmark is small and its stomach touches the ground and it is male. It is the guardian of 'village xxxxx'.",,,, 151215_001,KA & IA,131,12/15/2015,NA,Snowball,3,131,Male,1974,42,Elementary school,Farmer,Village authority,Same,Muslim,Rejang,Yes,No,Yes,Yes,No,No,Do nothing,Do nothing,Report authority,Do nothing,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Do nothing,Report authority,Zoological Tiger,Other Species,Other Species,Were tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA, I heard a year ago that there is a tiger that wandered into a village in 'village xxxxx'. ,"Here, there are three kind of guardian tigers; two male and one female. In the past, they were human beings. They became tigers because they had a power, so when they passed away, they became tigers. ",His late father was a tiger shaman that can call tigers using offerings.,, 151213_001,YA & IA,132,12/13/2015,NA,Snowball,28,128,Male,1935,81,Elementary school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Rejang,No,No,No,No,Yes,No,Other,Do nothing,Do nothing,Report authority,NA,Do nothing,NA,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Other Species,Zoological Tiger,Other Species,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"Here there are four spiritual tigers: Kumbang, Biring, Belang and Kecik. Kumbang protects 'village xxxxx', Biring protects 'village xxxxx', Belang protects 'village xxxxx' and Kecik protects 'village xxxxx'.",,,, "812_0069, 812_0075",IA & BM,133,12/14/2015,NA,Snowball,28,129,Male,1948,68,Junior school,Traditional healer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Rejang,Yes,No,Yes,No,No,No,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Other Species,Other Species,Other Species,Zoological Tiger,Spirit Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"In the past there were the Wali Songo (nine messengers from Java Island that spread Islam throughout the island): Sunan Bonang, Sunan Wali Jaga, Sunan Drajat, etc. (in Java those messangers are called Sunan). They had nine spiritual tigers. They asked three of those spiritual tigers to stay in Sumatra and guard some sites like Aceh, Padang, Bengkulu and other area. The six other spiritual tigers stayed in Java and guarded the island. The one which guarded the Bengkulu area was Kumbang. This tiger made a friend with Tuan Raja Bintang (The Star King ). He was named this because his finger could lighten up a huge area. In the past a king here had asked Rajo Bintang to lighten his sister's wedding party that was held for nine days and nine nights. The light came from his fingers for nine nights.","In the past there was a messanger in 'xxxxx'. This messenger made a friend with Benian (a spiritual creature like a genie). They made an agreement that if something bad happened in the village, the messenger could ask for help from the Benian by hitting a kentongan (a traditional implement made from wood, used to inform people in the village if something bad happened). One day the messenger had a party. He invited all the people to come to the party but was too busy to invite the Benian directly. He only hit the kentongan. The Benian misunderstood thinking that there was something bad that was happening in the village and the Messenger was asking for his help. So the Benian came to the village with many friends to help the Messenger. He was surprised that there was nothing bad happening in the party and was angry so he decided to end his friendship with the messenger. He gave a spiritual tiger to the messenger as a reminder that the messenger had once had a friend. The messenger gave the tiger a duty to guard the 'xxxxx' hill and surrounding area. The tiger is still there now. One of the tiger's duties is to let the villagers know if someone is doing something bad like having sex without being married. The person caught doing something bad has to sacrifice a goat.",,, BM_11012016_1,BM,134,01/11/2016,1774,Questionnarie,29,132,Male,1984,32,Senior high school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Minangkabau,Yes,No,Yes,Yes,No,No,Do nothing,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Spirit Tiger,Zoological Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"There are two guardian tigers here, the Kumbang tiger and the Belang Tumbuan tiger. Both of them are kind and never disturb us. They protect us from other tigers who come in to our village.",,,, 160115_001,KA,135,1/15/2016,NA,Snowball,41,133,Male,1974,42,Junior school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Melayu,Yes,No,No,Yes,No,No,Do nothing,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Zoological Tiger,Other Species,Spirit Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,We can ask for help in protecting our farms from wildboar attacks. A human became a tiger because he went into the forest for a long time. Its descendant is the one that can call it.,"It's a long time ago, about 20 years ago when a tiger came and ate livestock.",,, IA_15JAN2016_1,IA ,136,1/15/2016,1823,Questionnarie,41,134,Male,1946,70,Elementary school,Farmer,-NA-,Other,Muslim,Melayu,Yes,Yes,No,No,No,No,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Zoological Tiger,Other Species,Spirit Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"In the past there were 3 people (our elders) who had bad attitudes. They were criminals. One day they passed away. I forgot what caused them to pass away. But because of their bad attitude in their lifetime, they were punished/tortured from God and suffered. Then they begged God to bring them back to earth. They promised they would do good things if God granted their request, then God sent them back to earth and changed them into tigers. These three tigers then guarded this village from other wild tiger attacks. They also warned people in this village, if they became arrogant, by roaring. These tigers dislike if we wash a pan in the river because it pollutes the water that they drink. If the water is contaminated then they cannot drink the water. We are also not allowed to shake our feet or fold our feet when we are sleeping. I don't understand why the tigers hate this.","There was a Messenger here, originally from Jambi. He was a Muslim and taught Islamic religion. He was kind and powerful and able to speak with tigers. He made friends with three tigers. They guard this village. I don't know why he made friends with the tigers, maybe because he was kind and powerful and was able to speak with the tigers. I don't know the details of the story. That's all I know. Oh yes, my grandfather told me that the Messenger's graveyard was always clean, because the tigers always swept his grave using their tails. I don't think that they guard it anymore, because the graveyard is not as clean as in my grandpa's day. Maybe they already passed away, because they were old. The graveyard is near the road, on the border of this village and 'village xxxxx'.",,, IA_15Jan2016_812_0072,IA ,137,1/15/2016,NA,Snowball,41,135,Male,1964,52,Elementary school,Farmer,Head of Village,Same,Muslim,Melayu,No,No,Yes,No,No,No,Do nothing,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Zoological Tiger,Other Species,Were Tiger,Spirit Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"They said that the spiritual tigers protect us from wild tigers. If outside tigers come to this village then the spiritual tigers will block them and fight them. That's all, i don't know the details of the story. Maybe it was only a story (legend). How about that tigers will protect us when we are in the forest , for example show us the way home when we get lost? The elders said it too, but i don?t know .maybe it was spiritual tigers. i have no experience with it and don?t believe it. It was our ancestor believe, because they believed spirit thing. Now we already believe in Islam. We put our fate to God, only God can save us.if i face difficulty, for example I get lost in the forest, then i will pray, sholat then God will show me a way home. ",,,, 160309_001,YA,138,03/09/2016,1855,Questionnarie,57,139,Male,1944,72,Elementary school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Minangkabau,No,No,No,No,No,No,Perman ently remove from the wild,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Spirit Tiger,Other Species,Zoological Tiger,,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"Zoological tigers can help us when we get lost in the forest. When I got lost, I asked for a way out to the tiger. Not long after that I heard a falling branch and followed that sound until I got out. A long time ago there was an old lady who got lost in the forest. She had been lost for three days. Villagers looked for her everywhere until they found tiger pugmarks and decided to follow them. That old lady was found lying in a cave and the tiger saved her.",,,, 812.0079,BM,139,03/08/2016,1874,Questionnarie,56,136,Female,1951,65,Junior school,Housewife,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Minangkabau,Yes,No,No,Yes,No,No,Do nothing,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Zoological Tiger,Other Species,Other Species,Other Species,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"Smaller than a zoological tiger. In the beginning it was as big as a cat with a grey colour, then it grew up to become bigger with stripes",,,, 160308_01,KA & IA,140,03/08/2016,NA,Snowball,56,137,Male,1964,52,Elementary school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Minangkabau,Yes,No,No,No,No,No,Do nothing,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Zoological Tiger,Were Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Weretigers come from dead humans. I don't know how this happens but the weretiger will help or protect its descendants.,It will not come to village because there's a weretiger that protects the villagers.,,, 812_0078,IA & KA,141,03/08/2016,NA,Snowball,56,138,Male,1948,68,Junior school,Farmer,Traditional healer,Same,Muslim,Minangkabau,Yes,No,Yes,No,No,No,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Report authority,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Zoological Tiger,Were Tiger,,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"There are seven kinds of guardian tigers: black, yellow, brown, white, grey, striped (black and white), or mixed colour (with those seven colours). These tigers like to roam. The black ones guard this village. It likes to help people by showing them the way home when they get lost in the forest. The tigers will also roar to tell the villagers if a wild tiger comes into the villages. The guardian tiger will fight the wild tiger, then the wild tiger will go away.","It is someone who alreadyhas passed away then transformed into a tiger. This person transformed seven times to become a tiger, then they become a monkey or another animal, and after seven times s/he will pass away. The tiger doesn't disturb people. It take care of his/her descendant. For example, takes care of their grandchild's (descendant) farm from wild boar and other pests. How could someone transform to become a weretiger? Maybe because s/he did something bad (sinned). For example, an Ustadz (someone who teach Islam ) stoel and then when he passed away he transformed into a weretiger.","I made friends with a tiger but now it's gone. Maybe it already passed away. In the past it liked to play with me, sometimes when I wanted to pray the tiger asked me to play. Maybe it got bored with me because I didn't like playing with it. I didn't feel anything special. I forget when I made friends with it as it was a long time ago, maybe twenty years ago. I thought it was my grandfather. In the past, the tiger took care of my farm fromwild boar. ",, 812.008,BM & YA,142,03/12/2016,1971,Questionnarie,4,144,Male,1964,52,Senior high school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Minangkabau,Yes,No,Yes,Yes,No,No,Do nothing,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Perman ently remove from the wild,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Other Species,Other Species,Zoological Tiger,Spirit Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Weretigers were originally from humans who passed away and then came back to life again as their ancestors before them.,,,, 812.0081,BM & YA,143,03/12/2016,1966,Questionnarie,4,145,Male,1949,67,Elementary school,Farmer,Entrepreneur,Other,Muslim,Minangkabau,Yes,No,No,Yes,No,No,Do nothing,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Do nothing,Do nothing,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Spirit Tiger,Zoological Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"Tigers protect us when we are in the forest. We can ask for the tiger's help if we are lost in the forest by saying ""Nenek, we need your help. If you are here please show us the way home"". Later there will be broken twig sounds, then we just follow the sounds until we find the way home.",,,, 160310_001,YA & BM,144,03/10/2016,NA,Snowball,51,141,Male,1954,62,No school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Minangkabau,Yes,No,Yes,Yes,No,No,Do nothing,Other,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Zoological Tiger,Spirit Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,In 1950s there were two spiritual tigers named Panjang Sambilan and Kumbang. Both of them protected this area in 'village xxxxx' (still in 'xxxxx'). But these tigers died in the 1970s. Panjang Sambilan and Kumbang fought with zoological tigers that came into this area to expand their territory. ,,,, 812_0081&812-0082,IA & KA,145,03/10/2016,NA,Snowball,51,142,Male,1956,60,Elementary school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Minangkabau,Yes,No,No,Yes,No,No,Do nothing,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,NA,Kill tiger,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Zoological Tiger,Other Species,Were Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Both the Kumbang tiger and Panjang Sembilan tiger came originally from human beings. They were the eldery of this village that committed suicide or had bad attributes like stealing. They then became the kumbang tiger (bad tiger/Sumatran tiger who liked to steal livestock).,"The good ones became the Panjang Sembilan tiger. They helped people here because they were kind, since when they were our elders. They are still alive, they live in the 'xxxxx' forest. There were two tigers, male and female and they had offspring.","In 1979, a man was killed by a tiger, so the villagers called a tiger shaman. The tiger came and was trapped in a cage. The shaman then brought the tiger to 'village xxxxx'.",, 160311_001,"YA, BM, IA & KA",146,03/11/2016,NA,Snowball,43,143,Male,1970,46,Senior high school,Farmer,-NA-,Other,Muslim,Minangkabau,Yes,No,No,Yes,No,No,Do nothing,NA,Perman ently remove from the wild,Perman ently remove from the wild,Perman ently remove from the wild,Perman ently remove from the wild,Perman ently remove from the wild,Perman ently remove from the wild,Perman ently remove from the wild,Perman ently remove from the wild,Perman ently remove from the wild,Other Species,Other Species,Zoological Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"Being a weretiger is passed from generation to generation in one large family. One family member must become a weretiger when they die because of their family history. It can be anyone, male or female. There is also a way to prevent someone from turning into weretiger by slipping seven needles into a kaffan (Muslim cloth of white fabric used before burying a dead body) before the body is buried. But this may not always work.",,,, 812_0079,KA & IA,147,03/09/2016,NA,Snowball,18,140,Male,1958,58,Junior school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Minangkabau,Yes,No,Yes,Yes,No,No,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Zoological Tiger,Other Species,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,It comes from dead people. It is a spirit. This means that during their lives (as humans) they have bad behaviour. They protects their clans.,Protecting the village when there is a tiger coming from outside. It (Kumbang tiger) warns us by roaring. It warns the villagers to be cautious.,"3-4 months ago a weretiger came into a farm near the village, it got sick and was healed by its descendant and then returned to its place.","In the past, people had many treasures, such as cows and buffalos, that were not enclosed and stayed in the forest. Many of them were eaten by tigers so a shaman set a trap and many tigers were caught. ", 120209-001,IA & KA,148,3/31/2016,NA,Snowball,21,146,Male,1955,61,Elementary school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Minangkabau,Yes,No,Yes,Yes,No,No,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Zoological Tiger,Other Species,Other Species,Spirit Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,,,,, 812.0084,BM,149,5/14/2016,2201,Questionnarie,15,147,Male,1979,37,Elementary school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Minangkabau,Yes,No,Yes,No,No,No,Perman ently remove from the wild,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,Zoological Tiger,Spirit Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"Similar to a zoological tiger but it lost one of its legs (front right leg, so it only has 3 legs), because it was trapped maybe when it was still a cub. I have seen its pugmarks but there were only 3 pugmarks, then my friend told us it was the guardian tiger's pugmarks.",,,, 120210_001,"KA, BM & IA",150,5/15/2016,NA,Snowball,20,148,Female,1959,57,Elementary school,Adat People,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Minangkabau,Yes,No,Yes,Yes,No,No,Do nothing,Report authority,Report authority,Perman ently remove from the wild,Do nothing,Report authority,Do nothing,Do nothing,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Other Species,Zoological Tiger,Were Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,In the past they were the commanders of the kingdom. So now they're protecting the kingdom's descendants. ,"The last incident was in the '90s (livestock eaten). Sometimes we only see the footprints, near the forest along the the border of the village.",I have been asked to help tiger shaman to call a tiger to protect the farmland from wild boar.,, IA_7Jun2016_1,IA ,151,06/07/2016,NA,Snowball,42,149,Female,1956,60,Elementary school,Fish tradet,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Melayu,Yes,No,Yes,No,No,No,Do nothing,Kill Tiger,NA,Do nothing,NA,Do nothing,NA,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Spirit Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"Once upon time, our elder, his name was""xxxx', was infected by the darah buruk sickness. At that time he didn't know where to go to cure his sickness. So he went to a forest near here to stay there. One day, a female were tiger from 'village xxxxx' came to him. Then both of them fell in love and my elder went to 'village xxxxx' (a place where were tigers come from, the nation of weretigers). My elder finally married with the were tiger from Pasemah and became creature like them (became were tiger), and he already had 3 children. These children in the future become the spiritual tiger in this village. We call it Harimau Penunggu Tanjung (1 daughter, her name is Putri Bayan Laman and 2 sons, Hujan Panih and Kilat Senja).",,,, 812_0085,YA & BM,152,06/11/2016,NA,Snowball,55,150,Male,1935,81,No school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Minangkabau,Yes,No,Yes,No,No,No,NA,Kill tiger,Kill tiger,NA,NA,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Zoological Tiger,Other Species,Spirit Tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"There are 3 tigers here:Tanjung, Telasih, and Biasa. Tanjung is the strongest, it protects three areas around here. Tanjung can also protect us when something bad happens (using a big roar). The other tiger is shy and doesn't want to meet humans.",Weretigers come from humans that have many sins and it comes back to life again as a tiger.,,, 812.0086,BM & YA,153,6/16/2016,NA,Snowball,36,151,Male,1955,61,Elementary school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Kerincinese,Yes,No,Yes,No,No,No,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Report authority,Zoological Tiger,Other Species,Other Species,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"There are 3 guardian tigers: kumbang tiger (full black, as big as a cow, it protects 'xxxxx' and 'xxxxx' areas); three striped tiger (similar to ordinary tigers, it is smaller than the kumbang tiger, it only protects 'xxxxx' area); yellow tiger (it is as big as a three striped tiger but only protects 'xxxxx' area).",,,, 160616_001,KA & IA,154,6/16/2016,NA,Snowball,32,152,Male,1950,66,Elementary school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Kerincinese,Yes,No,No,Yes,No,Yes,Do nothing,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Do nothing,NA,NA,NA,Other Species,Other Species,Other Species,Other Species,Other Species,Other Species,Other Species,Zoological Tiger,NA,NA,There has never been an incident. Far from the village because the village was protected by a protector tiger.,"There are seven of them. In the past, they were commanders from the palace. They became tigers because they had extraodinary abilities to transform into tigers. Now, they protect the descendants of the kingdom. ",Tiger shamans can call tigers and be friends with them. ,, 812.0091,BM & YA,155,7/15/2016,NA,Snowball,39,153,Male,1938,78,Elementary school,Farmer,-NA-,Same,Muslim,Kerincinese,Yes,No,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,Do nothing,Kill tiger,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Do nothing,Spirit Tiger,Other Species,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,,,,,